Find a journal paper about the following promoters 1ICAM1 PR

Find a journal paper about the following promoters:

1)ICAM-1 PROMOTER

2) MMP-1 PROMOTER

For each one write:

- Introduction (Rationale, hypothesis, objective)

-Methods

-Results (for this part use figure)

-Discussion/conclusion

Solution

CAM 1 promoter

Schizosaccharomyces pombe Calmodulin, Cam1, Plays a Crucial Role in Sporulation by Recruiting and Stabilizing the Spindle Pole Body Components Responsible for Assembly of the Forespore Membrane .

Akiko Itadani,1 Taro Nakamura,1 Aiko Hirata,2 and Chikashi Shimoda1,*

Introduction

Methods

Results:

The results showed that GFP-cam localisied to SPB during meiosis.

The mutant cells which are lacking function cam 1 fails to form FSM.

over production of spo15 is also seen in mutants.

Spo 13 is critical for FSM formation

Spo15 elevated cells have defective spore formation.

Discussion

1.calmodulin Cam1 plays an indispensable role in the SPB modification essential for FSM assembly.

2. It mains spo15 in the right amount

3.spo13 plays a role in FSM formation

4. cam1 and its promoter is essential for sexual development in yeast.

MMP - promoter

MMP1-1607 polymorphism increases the risk for periapical lesion development through the upregulation MMP-1 expression in association with pro-inflammatory milieu elements.

Introduction :

1.Increased metallo proteinases activity are seen in periapical granulomas .

2.In this study, it is evaluated the association between the MMP1-1607 polymorphism (rs1799750) and pro-inflammatory milieu elements with MMP-1 mRNA levels in vivo.

3.Cytrokines are mainly responsible for tissue deatruction and these are the major products of this MMP elevation.

4.MMP is involved in tissue destruction as it degrades collagen fibres.

Methods

1. MMP1-1607 SNP and the mRNA levels of MMP-1, TNF-a, IFN-g, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-10, IL-4, IL-9, and FOXp3 were determined using real time PCR in periapical granuloma patients.

2. The DNA and RNa of the patients are extracted from the patients and it is also determined.

3. Data analysis were performed using chi-square test.

Results

1. MMP levels are more prevalent in periapical granuloma patients.

2.MMP-1 mRNA levels were higher in periapical lesions than in healthy periodontal ligament samples.

3.The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-21, IL-10, IL-9, and IL-4 were significant as complementary explanatory variables of MMP-1 expression.

Discussion:

1. The MMP levels are identified as a risk factor in periapical lesions.

2. The cytokines are also found to increase complementary to MMP levels. Hence this can be used as an indicator.

3.The MMP1-1607 SNP was identified as a risk factor for periapical lesions development as well as to be associated with increased MMP-1 mRNA expression in periapical tissues and lesions

Fluorescence microscopy - The SPB was visualised in fluroscence microscopy.

The FSM was observed by GFP-Psy1 fluorescence imaging.

Mutants of cam1 proteins are also craeted by mutagenesis.  The gfp-cam1 fusion gene was expressed under the authentic cam1 promoter.