The UART protocol (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) can create a full-duplex connection between 2 devices using a common baud rate (sampling rate). One pin (Tx) is dedicated for output from the MSP430 and another pin (Rx) is for input to the MSP430 MSP430 Tx-P1.1 Rx-P1.2 Peripheral | P1.4-Rx P1.5-Tx - Example UART pin configuration A ten bit UART frame contains 1 start bit, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. The clock starts off high and the start bit sets the Tx pin low, followed by the8 data bits, and finally the pin is set high for the stop bit. The example below transmits a ten bit UART frame from right to left. Stop D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 DO Start Bitime Bitime1 5 Example UART Frame 1) Code Composer Studio Software UART Transmission Simulation (filename: main.c) Write a program for the MSP430G2553 that simulates a UART transmission when the S2 button is pressed to transmit the character \'a\'. The red led should blink the ten bit UART frame at a rate of 2 bits/second. (Each bit will flash for 500ms) Software UART can be configured with Timer_A0 set to use SMCLK/8 and a Tx pin of P1.0: void configure SW UART (void) BCSCTL1 CALBC1_1MHZ; DCOCTL CALDCO1MHz; CCTLO OUT TACTL TASSEL 2MC 2ID 3; // Sets range for the clock // Set DCO step + modulation // PWM mode 0 // Use SMCLK, continuous up, SMCLK/8 // Oscillator interrupt flag off // MCLK DCO SMCLK // Configures P1.0 as output // Sets P1.O HIGH - BCSCTL2 0; P1DIR I BITO;
Automatic meter reading, or AMR, is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and status data from water meter or energy metering devices (gas, electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing. This technology mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter. Another advantage is that billing can be based on near real-time consumption rather than on estimates based on past or predicted consumption. This timely information coupled with analysis can help both utility providers and customers better control the use and production of electric energy, gas usage, or water consumption.
AMR technologies include handheld, mobile and network technologies based on telephony platforms (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF), or powerline transmission.
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