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Solution
a-1: Portfolio expected return = sum of (Probability * expected return of state of economy)
Here, expected return of state of economy can be calculated as:
Expected return = sum of (weight * return)
Boom: E(Rp) = 0.40(0.36) + 0.40(0.48) + 0.20(0.52) = 0.3464 or 34.64%
Normal: E(Rp) = 0.40(0.20) + 0.40(0.15) + 0.20(0.12) = 0.164 or 16.4%
Bust: E(Rp) = 0.40(0.04) + 0.40(–0.26) + 0.20(–0.44) = –0.176 or –17.6%
Therefore, Portfolio expected return = sum of (Probability * expected return of state of economy)
= 0.25* 34.64% + 0.44* 16.4% + 0.31* (-17.6%) = 10.42%
a-2: Formula for variance = sum of (Probability * (expected return of state of economy - Portfolio expected return)2
Variance = 0.25(0.3464 – 0.1042)2+ 0.44(0.164 – 0.1042)2+ 0.31(–0.176 – 0.1042)2
= 0.0405774
a-3: Standard deviation = square root of variance
Standard deviation = square root of 0.0405774
= (0.0405774)1/2 = 0.0202887
b. Expected risk premium = Portfolio expected return - risk free rate
= 10.42% - 4.8% = 5.62%
c-1: Appropriate expected real return = Portfolio expected return - inflation rate
= 10.42% - 2.8%= 7.62%
Exact expected real return (with the help of fisher equation we can find the exact real return):
Equation: 1+ Portfolio expected return= (1+ inflation rare) * (1+ exact real return)
(1+ exact real return) = (1+ Portfolio expected return)/ (1+ inflation rare)
= 1+ 10.42% / 1+2.8%
= 1.1042 / 1.028 = 1.07412
(1+ exact real return) = 1.07412
Exact expected real return = 1.07412 - 1 = 0.07412 = 7.41%
c-2: Appropriate expected real risk premium = Portfolio expected return - risk free rate
= 10.42% - 4.8% = 5.62%
Exact expected real risk premium = Appropriate expected real risk premium / (1+ inflation rate)
= 5.62% / (1+ 2.8%)
= 0.0562 / 1.028 = 0.05467 = 5.47%
