Assignment IIf you can do this for me I will give it a thumb

Assignment

IIf you can do this for me I will give it a thumbs up

1. Data is below

Choose three explanatory variables to model the traffic fatality rate; analyze your variables

Set up formal hypothesis tests for each explanatory variable and state your reasoning for choosing a significance level for hypothesis testing

Estimate the model and present your results

Perform t-test analysis on each variable and discuss results of your hypothesis testing, including statistical significance. In Stata, use \"test\" command follows by the exogenous variable you want to test. See Appendix B on page 584-585 for the critical values. (You can do something fancier with this command e.g. test x1+x2=1, if you have a null hypothesis that the coefficient of two variables should sum up to 1 for example a constant return to scale of a Cobb-Douglas production function. This is not a part of this exercise)

Discuss the results in terms of your original expectations

Here is the data

state	year	mrall	beertax	mlda	vmiles	unrate	perinc
1	1982	2.13	1.54	19	7.23	14.4	10544
1	1983	2.35	1.79	19	7.84	13.7	10733
1	1984	2.34	1.71	19	8.26	11.1	11109
1	1985	2.19	1.65	20	8.73	8.9	11333
1	1986	2.67	1.61	21	8.95	9.8	11662
1	1987	2.72	1.56	21	9.17	7.8	11944
1	1988	2.49	1.5	21	9.67	7.2	12369
4	1982	2.5	0.21	19	6.81	9.9	12309
4	1983	2.27	0.21	19	6.59	9.1	12694
4	1984	2.83	0.3	19	6.71	5	13266
4	1985	2.8	0.38	21	6.77	6.5	13727
4	1986	3.07	0.37	21	8.13	6.9	14107
4	1987	2.77	0.36	21	9.37	6.2	14241
4	1988	2.71	0.35	21	9.82	6.3	14408
5	1982	2.38	0.65	21	7.21	9.8	10267
5	1983	2.4	0.68	21	7.18	10.1	10433
5	1984	2.24	0.6	21	7.08	8.9	10916
5	1985	2.26	0.58	21	7.25	8.7	11149
5	1986	2.54	0.56	21	7.47	8.7	11399
5	1987	2.68	0.55	21	7.67	8.1	11537
5	1988	2.55	0.52	21	8.02	7.7	11760
6	1982	1.86	0.11	21	6.86	9.9	15797
6	1983	1.81	0.1	21	7.22	9.7	15970
6	1984	1.95	0.1	21	7.62	7.8	16590
6	1985	1.88	0.1	21	7.87	7.2	16985
6	1986	1.95	0.09	21	8.03	6.7	17356
6	1987	1.99	0.09	21	8.18	5.8	17846
6	1988	1.9	0.09	21	8.53	5.3	18049
8	1982	2.17	0.21	21	7.74	7.7	15082
8	1983	2.05	0.21	21	7.66	6.6	15132
8	1984	1.91	0.2	21	7.71	5.6	15487
8	1985	1.79	0.19	21	8.09	5.9	15570
8	1986	1.85	0.19	21	8.13	7.4	15616
8	1987	1.79	0.18	21	8.18	7.7	15605
8	1988	1.51	0.17	21	8.38	6.4	15845
9	1982	1.65	0.22	19	6.44	6.9	17255
9	1983	1.39	0.23	19	6.57	6	17744
9	1984	1.49	0.25	20	6.68	4.6	18760
9	1985	1.41	0.24	20	6.98	4.9	19313
9	1986	1.41	0.23	21	7.66	3.8	20153
9	1987	1.4	0.23	21	8.34	3.3	21192
9	1988	1.5	0.22	21	8.06	3	22193
10	1982	2.03	0.17	20	7.65	8.5	14264
10	1983	1.82	0.17	20	8.06	8.1	14500
10	1984	2.12	0.16	21	8.37	6.2	14925
10	1985	1.67	0.15	21	8.63	5.3	15409
10	1986	2.15	0.15	21	9.05	4.3	15822
10	1987	2.27	0.14	21	9.45	3.2	16407
10	1988	2.42	0.14	21	9.7	3.2	16998
12	1982	2.53	1.07	19	7.59	8.2	13502
12	1983	2.5	1.17	19	7.6	8.6	13924
12	1984	2.55	1.19	19	7.74	6.3	14308
12	1985	2.49	1.14	20	7.75	6	14761
12	1986	2.42	1.11	21	7.77	5.7	15102
12	1987	2.36	1.08	21	7.79	5.3	15584
12	1988	2.5	1.04	21	8.54	5	15980
13	1982	2.17	2.72	19	8.62	7.8	11774
13	1983	2.26	2.61	19	8.52	7.5	12237
13	1984	2.41	2.51	19	8.64	6	12957
13	1985	2.28	2.42	19	8.99	6.5	13364
13	1986	2.51	2.35	20	9.34	5.9	13892
13	1987	2.57	2.28	21	9.69	5.5	14306
13	1988	2.61	2.19	21	9.82	5.8	14687
16	1982	2.62	0.4	19	8.03	9.8	11079
16	1983	2.66	0.39	19	8.39	9.8	11346
16	1984	2.42	0.37	19	7.78	7.2	11387
16	1985	2.54	0.36	19	7.67	7.9	11460
16	1986	2.57	0.35	19	7.9	8.7	11542
16	1987	2.63	0.34	21	8.14	8	11859
16	1988	2.56	0.32	21	8.1	5.8	12190
17	1982	1.44	0.19	21	5.7	11.3	14743
17	1983	1.33	0.18	21	5.86	11.4	14745
17	1984	1.34	0.17	21	6.07	9.1	15390
17	1985	1.33	0.17	21	6.14	9	15603
17	1986	1.38	0.16	21	6.35	8.1	15989
17	1987	1.43	0.16	21	6.54	7.4	16417
17	1988	1.58	0.15	21	6.76	6.8	16915
18	1982	1.75	0.31	21	7.15	11.9	12283
18	1983	1.86	0.3	21	7.28	11.1	12365
18	1984	1.68	0.28	21	7.48	8.6	13009
18	1985	1.77	0.27	21	7.42	7.9	13161
18	1986	1.89	0.27	21	7.71	6.7	13582
18	1987	1.91	0.26	21	7.98	6.4	13937
18	1988	1.98	0.25	21	9.2	5.3	14364
19	1982	1.65	0.38	19	6.65	8.5	12969
19	1983	1.77	0.36	19	6.77	8.1	12573
19	1984	1.45	0.35	19	7.06	7	13203
19	1985	1.64	0.33	19	7	8	13352
19	1986	1.55	0.38	20	7.19	7	13812
19	1987	1.73	0.43	21	7.34	5.5	14284
19	1988	1.97	0.48	21	7.73	4.5	14112
20	1982	2.07	0.48	21	7.33	6.3	14094
20	1983	1.69	0.47	21	7.48	6.1	13917
20	1984	2.09	0.45	21	7.67	5.2	14309
20	1985	1.98	0.43	21	7.87	5	14631
20	1986	2.03	0.42	21	8.1	5.4	14977
20	1987	1.98	0.41	21	8.3	4.9	15152
20	1988	1.94	0.39	21	8.48	4.8	15167
21	1982	2.23	0.22	21	6.94	10.6	11072
21	1983	2.09	0.21	21	7.19	11.7	10914
21	1984	2.03	0.2	21	7.51	9.3	11442
21	1985	1.91	0.19	21	7.65	9.5	11406
21	1986	2.16	0.19	21	7.86	9.3	11603
21	1987	2.26	0.18	21	8.14	8.8	12008
21	1988	2.25	0.17	21	8.48	7.9	12341
22	1982	2.49	0.87	18	6.14	10.3	12214
22	1983	2.1	0.83	18	6.21	11.8	11994
22	1984	2.15	0.8	18	7.08	10	12018
22	1985	2.08	0.77	18	7.45	11.5	11972
22	1986	2.07	0.75	18	7.11	13.1	11603
22	1987	1.85	0.73	21	6.86	12	11515
22	1988	2.1	0.7	21	7.87	10.9	11831
23	1982	1.46	0.81	20	6.73	8.6	11443
23	1983	1.96	0.77	20	6.92	9	11796
23	1984	2.01	0.74	20	8.08	6.1	12271
23	1985	1.77	0.72	21	7.97	5.4	12609
23	1986	1.83	0.75	21	8.55	5.3	13292
23	1987	1.95	0.79	21	9.07	4.4	13984
23	1988	2.12	0.76	21	9.46	3.8	14539
24	1982	1.5	0.24	21	6.77	8.4	15198
24	1983	1.53	0.23	21	7.12	6.9	15644
24	1984	1.48	0.22	21	7.29	5.4	16313
24	1985	1.66	0.21	21	7.59	4.6	16922
24	1986	1.76	0.21	21	7.83	4.5	17476
24	1987	1.79	0.2	21	8.05	4.2	18167
24	1988	1.69	0.19	21	8.11	4.5	18756
25	1982	1.15	0.29	20	6.38	7.9	15216
25	1983	1.13	0.28	20	6.51	6.9	15802
25	1984	1.15	0.26	20	6.65	4.8	16735
25	1985	1.27	0.25	21	6.82	3.9	17271
25	1986	1.29	0.25	21	7.03	3.8	18146
25	1987	1.18	0.24	21	7.23	3.2	19050
25	1988	1.23	0.23	21	7.36	3.3	20035
26	1982	1.53	0.55	21	6.71	15.5	13247
26	1983	1.45	0.52	21	6.72	14.2	13607
26	1984	1.69	0.5	21	7.01	11.2	14318
26	1985	1.7	0.48	21	7.42	9.9	14831
26	1986	1.76	0.47	21	7.83	8.8	15279
26	1987	1.74	0.46	21	8.23	8.2	15418
26	1988	1.84	0.44	21	8.43	7.6	15931
27	1982	1.38	0.35	19	7.06	7.8	13782
27	1983	1.34	0.33	19	7.49	8.2	13841
27	1984	1.4	0.32	19	7.64	6.3	14734
27	1985	1.45	0.31	19	7.8	6	14983
27	1986	1.36	0.3	20	8.05	5.3	15464
27	1987	1.25	0.32	21	8.28	5.4	15910
27	1988	1.42	0.32	21	8.46	4	16048
28	1982	2.84	1.15	21	6.68	11	9554
28	1983	2.77	1.1	21	6.89	12.6	9514
28	1984	2.61	1.06	21	7.1	10.8	9792
28	1985	2.53	1.08	21	7.32	10.3	9798
28	1986	2.94	1.07	21	7.49	11.7	9997
28	1987	2.88	0.96	21	7.68	10.2	10303
28	1988	2.76	0.92	21	8.41	8.4	10699
29	1982	1.8	0.35	21	7.08	9.2	12969
29	1983	1.84	0.33	21	7.36	9.9	13187
29	1984	1.93	0.32	21	7.71	7.2	13727
29	1985	1.85	0.31	21	7.81	6.4	14034
29	1986	2.23	0.3	21	8.16	6.1	14368
29	1987	2.05	0.29	21	8.5	6.3	14648
29	1988	2.15	0.28	21	8.86	5.7	14872
30	1982	3.16	0.35	19	8.28	8.6	12033
30	1983	3.5	0.33	19	8.8	8.8	11954
30	1984	2.89	0.32	19	8.97	7.4	11907
30	1985	2.7	0.32	19	9.17	7.7	11669
30	1986	2.72	0.32	19	9.58	8.1	12076
30	1987	2.89	0.32	20	9.98	7.4	12291
30	1988	2.46	0.32	21	10.11	6.8	12383
31	1982	1.64	0.38	20	7.19	6.1	13192
31	1983	1.6	0.36	20	7.23	5.7	12920
31	1984	1.78	0.35	20	26.15	4.4	13541
31	1985	1.48	0.37	21	7.51	5.5	13735
31	1986	1.81	0.46	21	7.87	5	13971
31	1987	1.86	0.47	21	8.21	4.9	14300
31	1988	1.63	0.5	21	8.37	3.6	14219
32	1982	3.19	0.16	21	7.3	10.1	14914
32	1983	2.82	0.2	21	7.66	9.8	14864
32	1984	2.72	0.22	21	8	7.8	15214
32	1985	2.77	0.21	21	8.08	8	15565
32	1986	2.41	0.21	21	8.25	6	15976
32	1987	2.6	0.2	21	8.34	6.3	16412
32	1988	2.71	0.19	21	8.53	5.2	16854
33	1982	1.82	0.48	20	7.35	7.4	13834
33	1983	1.99	0.57	20	7.49	5.4	14663
33	1984	1.96	0.74	20	7.46	4.3	15452
33	1985	1.91	0.72	20	7.55	3.9	16281
33	1986	1.67	0.7	21	8.13	2.8	17132
33	1987	1.69	0.68	21	8.67	2.5	17906
33	1988	1.53	0.65	21	8.76	2.4	18705
34	1982	1.43	0.09	19	6.97	9	16666
34	1983	1.25	0.09	21	6.99	7.8	17275
34	1984	1.23	0.08	21	6.96	6.2	18066
34	1985	1.27	0.08	21	7.02	5.7	18662
34	1986	1.36	0.08	21	7.22	5	19421
34	1987	1.33	0.08	21	7.44	4	20313
34	1988	1.36	0.07	21	7.6	3.8	21168
35	1982	4.22	0.24	21	8.66	9.2	11347
35	1983	3.79	0.35	21	8.33	10.1	11289
35	1984	3.49	0.45	21	8.72	7.5	11540
35	1985	3.69	0.43	21	9.15	8.8	11861
35	1986	3.37	0.42	21	9.6	9.2	11826
35	1987	3.79	0.41	21	10.08	8.9	11898
35	1988	3.23	0.39	21	10.14	7.8	12019
36	1982	1.23	0.12	19	4.58	8.6	15159
36	1983	1.17	0.13	19	4.74	8.6	15573
36	1984	1.16	0.14	19	4.92	7.2	16335
36	1985	1.13	0.13	19	5.09	6.5	16709
36	1986	1.19	0.13	21	5.3	6.3	17326
36	1987	1.31	0.12	21	5.5	4.9	18005
36	1988	1.26	0.12	21	5.79	4.2	18580
37	1982	2.17	1.43	21	7.16	9	11079
37	1983	2.03	1.38	21	7.41	8.9	11455
37	1984	2.35	1.32	21	7.81	6.7	12089
37	1985	2.37	1.27	21	7.98	5.4	12354
37	1986	2.6	1.24	21	8.25	5.3	12839
37	1987	2.47	1.2	21	8.51	4.5	13325
37	1988	2.42	1.15	21	8.93	3.6	13767
38	1982	2.2	0.43	21	7.82	5.9	12554
38	1983	1.7	0.41	21	7.88	5.6	12390
38	1984	1.46	0.4	21	7.83	5.1	12690
38	1985	1.31	0.38	21	7.86	5.9	12661
38	1986	1.47	0.37	21	8.15	6.3	12817
38	1987	1.5	0.36	21	8.45	5.2	12971
38	1988	1.56	0.35	21	8.64	4.8	12351
39	1982	1.49	0.43	21	6.66	12.5	13039
39	1983	1.47	0.41	21	6.82	12.2	13236
39	1984	1.53	0.4	21	6.97	9.4	13785
39	1985	1.53	0.38	21	7.03	8.9	13993
39	1986	1.56	0.37	21	7.2	8.1	14280
39	1987	1.64	0.36	21	7.34	7	14598
39	1988	1.62	0.35	21	7.55	6	14953
40	1982	3.26	0.87	21	9.29	5.7	13553
40	1983	2.56	0.83	21	8.93	9	12784
40	1984	2.41	0.95	21	9.36	7	12881
40	1985	2.25	0.96	21	9.45	7.1	12905
40	1986	2.11	0.94	21	9.5	8.2	12656
40	1987	1.82	0.91	21	9.66	7.4	12607
40	1988	1.96	0.87	21	9.99	6.7	12823
41	1982	1.94	0.23	21	7.26	11.5	12626
41	1983	2.07	0.22	21	7.73	10.8	12925
41	1984	2.14	0.21	21	7.83	9.4	13246
41	1985	2.08	0.2	21	7.99	8.8	13376
41	1986	2.29	0.19	21	8.29	8.5	13649
41	1987	2.28	0.19	21	8.57	6.2	14019
41	1988	2.45	0.18	21	9.11	5.8	14326
42	1982	1.53	0.29	21	6	10.9	13652
42	1983	1.45	0.28	21	6.08	11.8	13706
42	1984	1.45	0.26	21	6.25	9.1	13988
42	1985	1.49	0.25	21	6.36	8	14357
42	1986	1.59	0.25	21	6.48	6.8	14713
42	1987	1.66	0.24	21	6.59	5.7	15200
42	1988	1.61	0.23	21	6.77	5.1	15624
44	1982	1.1	0.17	20	6.19	10.2	13327
44	1983	1.05	0.17	20	6.29	8.3	13759
44	1984	0.82	0.16	21	5.51	5.3	14312
44	1985	1.13	0.15	21	6.02	4.9	14595
44	1986	1.27	0.15	21	6.06	4	15109
44	1987	1.15	0.15	21	6.09	3.8	15633
44	1988	1.26	0.14	21	5.89	3.1	16258
45	1982	2.26	2.06	21	7.51	10.8	10394
45	1983	2.59	1.98	21	7.67	10	10694
45	1984	2.77	1.9	21	7.87	7.1	11160
45	1985	2.84	1.83	21	7.97	6.8	11370
45	1986	3.13	1.78	21	8.41	6.2	11675
45	1987	3.17	1.73	21	8.82	5.6	12027
45	1988	2.98	1.66	21	9.15	4.5	12441
46	1982	2.13	0.72	21	9.17	5.5	11323
46	1983	2.5	0.69	21	9.04	5.4	11092
46	1984	2.03	0.66	21	9.08	4.3	11662
46	1985	1.84	0.64	21	8.87	5.1	11684
46	1986	1.89	0.62	21	8.82	4.7	12175
46	1987	1.89	0.61	21	8.76	4.2	12545
46	1988	2.06	0.59	21	9.3	3.9	12276
47	1982	2.26	0.34	19	7.46	11.8	10988
47	1983	2.21	0.32	19	7.73	11.5	11183
47	1984	2.32	0.31	20	7.73	8.6	11704
47	1985	2.31	0.3	21	7.61	8	11919
47	1986	2.56	0.29	21	8.17	8	12372
47	1987	2.57	0.28	21	8.68	6.6	12876
47	1988	2.59	0.27	21	9.03	5.8	13352
48	1982	2.74	0.43	19	8.14	6.9	13943
48	1983	2.42	0.42	19	8.34	8	13693
48	1984	2.43	0.42	19	8.56	5.9	14040
48	1985	2.25	0.46	19	8.75	7	14270
48	1986	2.14	0.45	20	8.82	8.9	13950
48	1987	1.94	0.44	21	9.01	8.4	13889
48	1988	2.01	0.42	21	9.29	7.3	14038
49	1982	1.89	0.36	21	7.01	7.8	10789
49	1983	1.77	0.63	21	7.04	9.2	10780
49	1984	1.94	0.88	21	7.18	6.5	11121
49	1985	1.84	0.85	21	7.32	5.9	11285
49	1986	1.88	0.82	21	7.43	6	11340
49	1987	1.76	0.8	21	7.55	6.4	11389
49	1988	1.76	0.77	21	7.85	4.9	11735
50	1982	2.06	0.71	18	7.68	6.9	12064
50	1983	1.79	0.68	18	7.91	6.9	12187
50	1984	2.15	0.66	18	8.31	5.2	12680
50	1985	2.15	0.63	18	8.76	4.8	13112
50	1986	2.01	0.62	20	8.99	4.7	13741
50	1987	2.17	0.6	21	9.2	3.6	14325
50	1988	2.32	0.57	21	9.97	2.8	14728
51	1982	1.61	0.76	21	7.55	7.7	13878
51	1983	1.62	0.73	21	7.61	6.1	14299
51	1984	1.8	0.7	21	7.9	5	14907
51	1985	1.71	0.67	21	8.4	5.6	15323
51	1986	1.94	0.66	21	8.87	5	15915
51	1987	1.73	0.64	21	9.29	4.2	16486
51	1988	1.78	0.61	21	9.55	3.9	17012
53	1982	1.75	0.23	21	7.31	12.1	14342
53	1983	1.62	0.23	21	8.4	11.2	14534
53	1984	1.72	0.22	21	7.87	9.5	14758
53	1985	1.69	0.21	21	7.8	8.1	14910
53	1986	1.58	0.21	21	8.17	8.2	15376
53	1987	1.72	0.2	21	8.49	7.6	15630
53	1988	1.67	0.19	21	9	6.2	15855
54	1982	2.29	0.48	18	5.57	13.9	10748
54	1983	2.17	0.46	19	5.96	18	10452
54	1984	2.25	0.44	19	6.49	15	10642
54	1985	2.17	0.42	19	6.54	13	10669
54	1986	2.3	0.41	20	6.89	11.8	10889
54	1987	2.48	0.4	21	7.24	10.8	10992
54	1988	2.45	0.38	21	7.4	9.9	11295
55	1982	1.62	0.17	18	6.91	10.7	13214
55	1983	1.53	0.17	18	7.18	10.4	13291
55	1984	1.73	0.16	19	7.43	7.3	13819
55	1985	1.56	0.15	19	7.68	7.2	13952
55	1986	1.56	0.15	20	8.04	7	14352
55	1987	1.66	0.14	21	8.36	6.1	14720
55	1988	1.66	0.14	21	8.75	4.3	14941
56	1982	3.94	0.05	19	10.35	5.8	14600
56	1983	3.35	0.05	19	9.8	8.4	13575
56	1984	3.06	0.05	19	9.99	6.3	13456
56	1985	2.99	0.05	19	10.61	7.1	13595
56	1986	3.31	0.05	19	10.62	9	13127
56	1987	2.63	0.05	19	10.95	8.6	12719
56	1988	3.24	0.04	20	11.81	6.3	13098

Here the explanatory variables which are affecting on the traffiv fatility rate are beertax,mlda and unrate.

We want to test the hypothesis that ,

H₀ :Bj = 0 Vs H₁ : Bj 0. (where Bj is the regression coefficient)

Test statistic for this is,

t = b / SEb with n - 2 degrees of freedom.

Where SEb = standard error of b.

b = regression coefficient.

n = total number of observations.

The data is given in the problem.

The output for this data by using minitab is,

Command : stat ==>regression ==>regression ==>response=y ==>predictors =x1,x2,x3 ==> graphs ==>four in one ==>results ==>second option==>ok

This will gives us the following output as

Regression Analysis: y versus x1, x2, x3

The regression equation is
y = - 6.70 + 0.029 x1 + 0.644 x2 - 0.341 x3

Predictor Coef SE Coef T P
Constant -6.697 2.236 -3.00 0.003
x1 0.0289 0.1889 0.15 0.879
x2 0.6440 0.1047 6.15 0.000
x3 -0.34054 0.03677 -9.26 0.000

S = 1.64648 R-Sq = 33.0% R-Sq(adj) = 32.4%

Analysis of Variance

Source DF SS MS F P
Regression 3 443.98 147.99 54.59 0.000
Residual Error 332 900.02 2.71
Total 335 1344.00

Here we use level of significance = 0.05

We see that p-value for variable x2 and x3 are less than 0.05 so we reject null hypothesis at 5 % level of significance and for variable x1 p-value> 0.05 so fail to reject null hypothesis.

Conclusion :

For x2 and x3 :regression coefficient for x2 and x3 are differ from 0.

For x1 : regression coefficient for x1 may be 0.