Explain equality and inequality constraints of a power syste

Explain equality and inequality constraints of a power system . Define those constraints and write the equations

which types of constraints are violated in emergency state.?

Solution

inequality constraints

Voltage Constraints:    V_min V V_max   and   _{min max}   

Generator Constraints: KVA loading of generator should not exceed prescribed value

                    P_min P P_max   and   Q_min Q Q_max   

Running spare capacity constraints: These constraints are needed to meet forced outage of one or more alternators in the system and also unexpected load on the system

Transmission Line Constraints: flow of power through transmission line should less than it s thermal capacity

Equality Constraints:

Real power P_p = V_p Y_pq V_q cos(_pq – (_p+_q))

Reactive power Q_p = V_p Y_pq V_q sin(_pq – (_p+_q))