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Question: 1. Cleavage products of two different complement f...

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1. Cleavage products of two different complement factors act similarly to recruit and activate cells. What is one of these cleavage products?

Question 2

One of the stimuli for overall complement activation is generated when one of the complement factors undergoes a spontaneous fragmentation. This spontaneous breakdown is enhanced under what circumstance?

Question 3

What drives complement activation?

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding your own cells and complement?

Question 6

Which one of the following locations is NOT a location for toll-like receptors in your cells?

Question 7

This cytokine is secreted by phagocytic cells and T cells. It coordinates inflammation locally, and can also act as a hormone. It stimulates recruitment of cells to the site of infection, and it enhances the activation state of macrophage. What cytokine is this?

Solution

Answer:

1) c. C3a

C3 is activated to form C3a and C3b in the complement activation.

2)a. In the presence of bacteria

Alternative pathway is activated in presence of bacteria and IgA

3)All of the above

complement is activated when antigen bind to antibody, Direct contact with microbes and when Soluble lectin receptors bound with pathogen carbohydrate structures

5) d. Your cells are targetted by complement, but only the necrotic and apoptotic ones.

complement cells are active on necrotic and apoptotic cells.

6) b. In the membranes of endocytotic vessicles.

Toll-like receptors are present in plasmamembrane and cytosol.

7)TNF-

TNF- mediates inflammation.