Name examples for each item below and which organic substanc

Name example(s) for each item below and which organic substances are found in them Compare and contrast organic substances found in plants versus animals. Compare and contrast organic substances found in unprocessed versus processed foods. Which types of food should be avoided by an overnourished (obese) person? Briefly justify your answer. Which types of food should be eaten by a person who wants to build up his/her muscles? Briefly justify your answer.

Solution

1.

Proteins and lipids,

very few carbohydrates, polysaccharides

2. Plants and animals contain different types of organic compounds. Proteins are found in animals as they are used as the building blocks for muscles and organs, while plants depends on polysaccharides such as cellulose and pectin. For storage of energy, animals convert carbohydrates into lipids while plants can convert them to lipids (as plant oils) or polysaccharides (starch).

3. Unprocessed foods only contain the organic compounds which are supposed to exist in the natural form, while processed foods contain several additives for increased microbial protection, texture, flavor, shelf life, color etc. In this process, many nutrients are lost during processes such as sterilization at high tempratures, removal of nutrient rich tissue, bleaching and coloring of meat etc.

4. An overnourished person should avoid all possible lipids and carbohydrates, and increase the amount of fibre in the diet. This is because we want the body to burn off the energy stored in the body as fat, which can be achieved by avoiding to add more fat to the body.

5. A person who wants to increase the muscle mass should consume more animal protein, which can be broken down by the body into simpler amino acids to be used in the development of more muscles.

Type of food sample	Food sample	Organic substances present
unprocessed animal sample	Pig ribs from slaughterhouse	Proteins and lipids, very few carbohydrates, polysaccharides
unprocessed plant sample	Raw vegetables	Moderate amounts of carbohydrates and lipids, high in polysaccharides, low in protein
processed animal sample	Processed sausage	Amount of proteins lowered during sterilization, hydrocolloid gums as binder, citric acid as flavor enhancer, papin etc.
processed plant sample	Ketchup	Most polysaccharides retained but nutritional compounds lost, added carbohydrates, monosodium glutamate, starch.