Surveying Types 6 10 points What are the differences between

Surveying Types 6. (10 points) What are the differences between Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying? Location Referencing Systems 7. (10 points) Describe two fundamentally different coordinate systems used for locating an object on the earth surface 8. (10 points) Describe two different types of elevation. 9. (5 points) What is a map projection? 10. (5 points) A point on a highway is 565.98 ft from the beginning of that highway. What is the station of that point?

Solution

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANE AND GEODETIC SURVEY -

Plane Survey:-

Geodetic Survey:-

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7.TWO FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF COORDINATE SYSTEMS FOR LOCATING AN OBJECT ON EARTH SURFACE ARE AS FOLLOWS:-

Geographic Coordinates (f, l )

The most commonly used global coordinate system consists of geographical lines of latitude and longitude. Lines of equal latitude are called parallel. They form circles on the surface of the ellipsoid. Lines of equal length are called meridians and form ellipses (ellipsis meridians) in the ellipsoid. Both lines form the grid when they are projected on a map plane. Note that the concept of geographic coordinates can also be applied to a sphere as a reference surface.

Cartesian coordinates (X, Y )

The Cartesian coordinate system is a system of intersecting perpendicular lines, containing two main axes, called X and Y axes. The horizontal axis is usually called the X-axis and the Y vertical axis (note that the X-axis is also sometimes called easting and the y-axis to the northing). The intersection of the X and Y axes is the origin. The plane is marked at intervals by equidistant coordinate lines, called the map grid.

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9.MAP PROJECTION:-

A projection is a method by which the curved surface of the earth is represented on a flat surface and it involved the use of mathematical transformations between the location of places on the earth and their projected location on the plane. A map projection is any transformation between the curved surface of the earth and the flat plane of the map.

for each map projection the following equations are available:

X,Y = f ( j , I )

j,I = f ( X , Y )

The forward equations are used to transform geographic coordinates - latitude, and longitude into cartesian coordinates while the inverse equations just do the opposite.

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