1 Development economists consider the phenomenon of child la

1.     Development economists consider the phenomenon of child labor as an example of ‘bad equilibrium’. Discuss briefly any two alternatives to a complete ban on child labor.

2.      Distinguish between a tenant farmer and a sharecropper. Whose exposure to risk is greater and why?

3.      Mention any two factors that determine the demand for education in less developed countries.

4.      Briefly discuss any two policy options for the developing countries for dealing with the environmental problems.

5.      Briefly discuss the Prebisch-Singer thesis related to the terms-of-trade problems faced by primary good exporting developing countries.

Solution

Ans 1=The pervading structures of inequality and excessive poverty have caused the rise of issues like child labor in the world and campaigns to erase it. Despite efforts of international organizations like ILO and UNICEF, this still exists. Though the efforts to erase child labor aim to bring about the development in the nation but how far they are successful, is questionable. Rather than directly hitting at child labor, efforts should be directed toward the elimination of its root causes and alternative solutions must be executed. There is a requirement to come up with solutions that are specific to the culture and conditions of the country in question.Administration of universal strategies, like a complete ban on child labor, makes the situation worse as in developing countries where there are excessive levels of poverty and people have big families to support, employment of children is an essential source of income .Throwing these children out of their workplaces is problematic as this raises the levels of poverty in the nation. One of the alternatives that could be used is the arrangement of part time work along with education for the children. It would be better as their income will not be impacted .NGOs can prove helpful in this regards as they can increase awareness among the public and can encourage them to get their children educated. Moreover, working conditions can be improved to give healthy working environment for the children.