One of the ways mesosphere stratosphere can affect the tropo

One of the ways mesosphere /stratosphere can affect the troposphere is by the absorption of the energy of the Galactic and the Solar (GCR, SCR) cosmic rays. Describe :

a. which one is responsible for short term and other for long term effects on Weather / Climate and how?

b. How they differ in mechanism from those of Solar XUV and X-rays effects

c. Which of the above processes are localized and which ones not?

Solution

(a) Galactic cosmic rays is responsible for short term effect and solar cosmic has long term effect on the climate But unlike the solar cycle, where bursts of activity can change the environment rays quickly, the GCR spectrum remains relatively constant in energy and composition, varying only slowly with time.

(c) galactic cosmic rays are localised.