Metastability The circuit below has two inputs A CLK and fou

Metastability

The circuit below has two inputs (A, CLK) and four outputs (W, X, Y, Z). The CLK signal is square wave with a period tCLK = 1us. The A signal makes a single 01 transition but the timing of the transition is close to (within a few ns of) the active CLK edge, ignoring dynamic discipline. All the devices are lenient and have the same propagation delay tPD = 10ns.

In a test involving a large number of trials, the Z output has been examined 100ns after an active CLK edge (and when both CLK and A have been stable for many propagation delays); at this time, Z was found to be invalid P times. In the same test, what would you expect to observe at the other outputs 100ns after the CLK edge?

For each output, select one of

LESS RELIABLE if you would expect the output to be invalid appreciably more than P times;
EQUALLY RELIABLE if you would expect the output to be invalid about P times;
or MORE RELIABLE if you would expect the output to be invalid appreciably less than P.

Z was found to be invalid P times.

W reliability:

       Select an option         LESS         EQUAL         MORE   

X reliability:

       Select an option         LESS         EQUAL         MORE   

Y reliability:

       Select an option         LESS         EQUAL         MORE

Solution

W reliability: The output of W is invalid appreciably more than P times,so the correct option is more.

X Realiability: The output of X is invalid about P times,so the correct Option is Equal.

Y raliability : The output of Y is invalid appriciably less than P times,so the correct option is less