Write a brief description one or two sentences of each eleme

Write a brief description (one or two sentences) of each element of the gene.

1. Limits

2. Upstream regulatory region

3. Downstream regulatory region

4. Promoter

5. Transcription initiation site

6. Transcribed region

7. Transcription termination

8. RNA polymerase

Solution

1.LIMITS

Limits means the distance or sequence between two optimum point of a gene with its regulatory region. It is longer than the actual transcriptional region.

2.UPSTREAM REGULATORY REGION

Regulatory regions controls the level of expression of a gene. Upstream is opposite to the transcription direction. Regulatory segment which is present at the upstream position of a gene is called upstream regulatory region.

3.DOWNSTREAM REGULATORY REGION

Downstream refers to the direction of transcription. Regulatory segment which is present at the downstream position of a gene is called downstream regulatory region.

4.PROMOTER

Promoter is the site of DNA where initiation of transcription starts. It is present on the sense strand at the upstream position. It interacts with transcriptional initiation proteins.

5.TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION SITE

It is the site on the DNA where RNA Pol or DNA dependent RNA Pol binds to transcribe RNA. It is located in the 5` end. Closed complex and open complex is formed here.

6.TRANSCRIBED REGION

Transcribed region is the coding part of DNA. RNA Pol transcribe RNA using transcribed region as template.

7.TRANSCRIBED REGION

It means stopping of transcription. It is very sequence specific, called termination sequence. Rho protein dependent or Rho independent termination can be found.

8.RNA POLYMERASE

It transcribe RNA using DNA as template. There are various types of RNA Pol enzymes are present; prokaryotes have single type and eukaryotes have five types of the enzyme. In 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded toRoger D. Kornberg for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase.