Define the following terms i Hydraulic gradientii Seepageiii

Define the following terms
i. Hydraulic gradientii. Seepageiii. Critical hydraulic gradient
iv. Pipingv. Anisotropy
vi. Hydraulic conductivity
vii. Liquefaction
viii. Flow net
ix. Pore pressure

Solution

1. Hydraulic Gradient: It is the head loss per unit seepage length.

2. Seepage: movement of fluid particles through porous media

3. Critical Hydraulic Gradient: It is the Hydraulic Gradient at critical condition, i.e., when seepage force just balances the buoyant force of an element of soil.

4. Piping: It is the gradual erosion of soil particles.

5. Anisotropy: exhibition of different property in different directions.

6. Hydraulic Conductivity: It is the ease with which a fluid (water) can move through pore spaces.

7. Liquefaction: It is a phenomenon in which soil loses it\'s strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress.

8. Flow Net: It is the network of equipotential lines and flow lines.

9. Pore Pressure: It is the pressure of water filling the void space between solid particles.