Explain the mechanism of action main uses and most serious a

Explain the mechanism of action, main uses, and most serious adverse effects of the antitubercular drugs including: Isoniazid Rafampin Ethambutol Pyrazinamide

Solution

Isoniazid - used for treating tuberculosis . It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mechanism of action - This drug gets activated by catalase peroxidase enzyme produced by bacteria. This complex further blocks fatty acid synthesis which in turn blocked the mycolic acid synthesis . Thus bacterial cell wall formation is inhibited.

adverse effect - peripheral neuropathy , aplastic anemia, liver toxicity .

Rafampin - used for tuberculosis and other bacterial infections like leprosy.

It inhibits DNA dependent RNA synthesis thus inhibiting bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase .

adverse effects hepatotoxicity , fever , rashes . GI disturbances.

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