The evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr argued that Darwin unl

The evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr argued that Darwin, unlike most of his contemporaries (and even some modern biologists), rejected \"typological\" or \"essentialist\" thinking. According to this way of looking at the world, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle, each species has an ideal type or \"essence\". Deviations from the type are viewed as mere noise. Mayr pointed out that such a way of thinking presents a major obstacle to conceiving of evolution by natural selection. Why do you think it was necessary for Darwin to reject typological thinking before coming up with his theory? Suppose we are sure that species 1, 2, and 3 are more closely related to each other than to species 4. We sequence a gene and find ten nucleotide sites that differ among the four species. The bases at these sites are: Sp. 1 GCTGATGAGT Sp. 2 ATCAATGAGT Sp. 3 GTTGCAACGT Sp. 4 GTCAATGACA Estimate the phylogeny for these species by plotting the changes on each of the three possible phylogenies for species 1-3, and determining which tree requires the fewest changes. The taxonomic \"ranks\" in the traditional Linnaean classification system, listed alphabetically, are: class, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum or division, and species. Put the ranks in order, from broadest (highest level) to narrowest (lowest level). Which of the following is the correct way to write the Latin name for our species? (choose one) Homo sapiens Homo sapiens Homo Sapiens Homo Sapiens Which two ranks from part A do the names in (B) refer to?

Solution

6) a)domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order -family-genus-species

b)ii) Homo sapiens

c) Genus-Homo and Species-sapiens