Describe briefly the following types of design based on the

Describe briefly the following types of design based on the method used.

1.Rational design 2.Optimum design 3.Emperical design 4.industrial design 5.Element design 6. System design 7.Computer Aided Design.

Solution

The design of machine elements/components or a mechanical system can be classified as follows:

1. Rational design: This type of design mainly depends on the theoritical concepts and mathematical models based on the principle of mechanics.

2. Optimum design: It comes mainly to achieve the desired functioning at a minimum resource. Resource can be in terms of materials, cost, human resource, etc. It is the best design for the given objective function under the specified constraints. It may be achieved by minimising the undesirable effects.

3. Empirical design: This type of design depends upon empirical formulae based on the practice and past experience. In several case, getting a mathematical closed from relation based on engineering concepts is not possible. In those cases, empirical formulas based on several years of test data and experience comes useful for deisgn.

4. Industrial design: This type of design depends upon the production aspects to manufacture any machine component in the industry. In this case, the designer has to take into account the constraints/roadblocks involved in production of the component. It may include the tolerances of the assembly, assembly line, manufacturing capabilities, machines etc.

5. Element design: It is the design of any element of the mechanical system like gears, bearings, springs, pressure vessels, shafts, couplings and joints etc.

6. System design: It is the design of any complex mechanical system. The system can be as complex as a vehicle. Kinematics as well as kinetics of the entire systems needs to be considered during the design.

7. Computer aided design: This type of design depends upon the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis and optimisation of a design. This reduces the lead time in designing by creating a 3D virtual prototype of the desired component or assembly showing its functioning.