1 Of the following which is a difference between prokaryotic

1. Of the following, which is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A. Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear envelope surrounding the genetic material, whereas prokaryotes have no nucleus.

B. Prokaryotic cells have multiple paired chromosomes, but eukaryotic cells have only one.

C. Prokaryotic cells have linear DNA, whereas eukaryotes have circular DNA.

D. Eukaryotes have histone proteins, whereas prokaryotes do not.

E. Plasmids contain some genes for eukaryotes, whereas organelles contain some genes for prokaryotes.

2. Which of the following are fundamental events that must take place in cell reproduction?

A. A cell\'s genetic information must be copied.

B. The copies of the genetic information must be separated from one another.

C. The cell must divide.

D. All of the above are fundamental events that must take place in cell reproduction.

3. What are three essential structural elements of a functional eukaryotic chromosome?

A. Histone proteins, spindle fibers, and a pair of telomeres

B. Origins of replication, chromatids, and kinetochores

C. A centromere, a pair of telomeres, and origins of replication

D. A centromere, chromatids, and kinetochores

E. Spindle fibers, kinetochores, and chromatids

4. The chromosomal structures that serve as the attachment point for spindle fibers are the _____________________.

A. telomeres

B. origins of replication

C. centromeres

D. kinetochore proteins

E. histone proteins

5. The natural ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that serve to stabilize the ends of the chromosomes are the ______________________.

A. telomeres

B. origins of replication

C. centromeres

D. kinetochore proteins

E. histone proteins

6. _______________ is the part of interphase within the cell cycle where the cell growth and protein synthesis necessary for cell division and DNA replication take place.

A. G1

B. S

C. G2

D. M

E. Telophase

7. __________________ is the part of interphase within the cell cycle where additional biochemical reactions take place preparing the cell for mitosis.

A. G1

B. S

C. G2

D. M

E. Telophase

8. __________________ is the part of interphase within the cell cycle where DNA replication takes place.

A. G1

B. S

C. G2

D. M

E. Telophase

9. What are checkpoints?

A. Key transition points in the cell cycle that lead to cancer

B. Periods during the cell cycle that ensure all cellular components are in good working order

C. Transition points during the process of replication that allow DNA repair

D. The last process that occurs before a cell divides

E. Critical points that ensure correct and complete cytokinesis

10. What is the stage in mitosis when sister chromatids separate at the centromere and move to opposite poles of the cell.

A. Prophase

B. Prometaphase

C. Metaphase

D. Anaphase

E. Telophase

11. What is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane of the cell.

A. prophase

B. prometaphase

C. metaphase

D. anaphase

E. telophase

12. What is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes initially condense and centrosomes move apart.

A. Prophase

B. Prometaphase

C. Metaphase

D. Anaphase

E. Telophase

13. What is the stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of daughter chromosomes, the nucleoli reappear, and the spindle microtubules disintegrate.

A. Prophase

B. Prometaphase

C. Metaphase

D. Anaphase

E. Telophase

14. What are the genetically important results of the cell cycle and mitosis?

A. The resulting daughter cells have genomes identical to each other but not to the original cell.

B. The resulting daughter cells have genomes identical to each other and to the original cell.

C. The resulting daughter cells have genomes identical to each other and have half the genetic complement of the original cell.

D. The resulting daughter cells are no longer identical to each other and have half the genetic complement of the original cell.

E. No correct answer listed.

15. Why are the two cells produced by the cell cycle genetically identical?

A. An exact copy of each DNA molecule was created in S phase giving rise to the two identical sister chromatids.

B. Chromosomal replication in prophase ensures two identical copies of each chromosome for the two cells.

C. Mitosis ensures that each cell receives one copy of the two identical sister chromatids created during S phase.

D. Both A and B are reasons that the two cells produced by the cell cycle are identical.

E. Both A and C are reasons that the two cells produced by the cell cycle are identical.

16. For the stages of meiosis I below, which is incorrectly matched to a major event that takes place during that stage?

A. Prophase I—synapsis

B. Metaphase I—homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane of the metaphase plate

C. Anaphase I—separation of sister chromatids

D. Telophase I—separated chromosomes reach spindle poles at opposite ends of the cell

E. Prophase I—genetic recombination through crossing over

17. For the stages of meiosis II below, which is incorrectly matched to the major event that takes place during that stage?

A. Prophase II—spindle fibers form

B. Metaphase II—homologous pairs of chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane of the metaphase II plate

C. Anaphase II—sister chromatids separate

D. Telophase II—spindle fibers breakdown

E. Prophase II—nuclear envelope breaks down

18. What are the major results of meiosis?

A. Production of haploid daughter cells from a diploid original cell that are genetically different from each other and from the original cell

B. Production of diploid daughter cells from a haploid original cell

C. Production of haploid daughter cells from a diploid original cell that are genetically identical to each other and to the original cell

D. Production of diploid daughter cells from a diploid original cell that are genetically different from each other and from the original cell

E. No correct answer is listed.

19. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that

A. homologous chromosomal pairs separate in anaphase I, but chromatids separate in anaphase of mitosis.

B. the cells produced at the end of meiosis are genetically different, whereas the cells produced at the end of mitosis are genetically identical.

C. the chromosome number within the daughter cells produced by meiosis is half that of the original cell, whereas chromosome number within daughter cells produced by mitosis is the same as that of the original cell.

D. recombination between nonsister chromatids of the homologous pairs takes place in meiosis but not in mitosis.

E. All of the above are differences between meiosis and mitosis.

20. Polar bodies result from

A. the unequal divisions of primary spermatocytes.

B. the degradation of a functional secondary oocyte in oogenesis.

C. the unequal cytoplasmic cell divisions of primary and secondary oocytes in meiosis.

D. the unequal cytoplasmic cell divisions of oocytes in mitosis.

E. a tube nucleus.

21. The egg nucleus in a flowering plant originates from a

A. megaspore.

B. microspore.

C. megagametophyte.

D. microgametophyte.

E. sporophyte.

22. For the drawing below, indicate the stage of mitosis it most likely represents.

A. Prophase

B. Prometaphase

C. Metaphase

D. Anaphase

E. Telophase

23. A cell in G1 of interphase has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes and DNA molecules will be found per cell when this original cell progresses to anaphase II of meiosis?

A. 6 chromosomes and 6 DNA molecules per cell

B. 6 chromosomes and 12 DNA molecules per cell

C. 12 chromosomes and 12 DNA molecules per cell

D. 12 chromosomes and 24 DNA molecules per cell

E. 24 chromosomes and 24 DNA molecules per cell

24. A cell in prophase II of meiosis contains 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be present in a cell from the same organism if it were in prophase I of meiosis?

A. 6

B. 12

C. 24

D. 48

E. No correct answer is listed.

25. A horse has 64 chromosomes and a donkey has 62 chromosomes. A cross between a female horse and a male donkey produces a mule, which is usually sterile. Which of the following most likely explains why mules are sterile?

A. Because of the odd number of chromosomes within a mule\'s cells, at least one chromosome will not have a homolog and thus be unable to pair during meiosis.

B. Horses and donkeys are different although related species, so not all of the mule\'s chromosomes will be able to find a suitable homolog leading to improper synapsis and faulty segregation during meiosis.

C. Mitotic division within a mule\'s cells frequently fails due to the odd number of chromosomes.

D. Both A and B.

E. Both A and C.

1.option D. Prokaryotes do have a nucleus but no membrane. Prokaryotes have a single linear chromosome.

2.option D

3.option C

4.option C

5.option A

6.option A