Examine the following rungs and determine whether the output

Examine the following rungs and determine whether the output for each on or off. The input conditions shown represent the states of real-world inputs.

Solution

a. Output is same as input

So output is ON

b. Here the rung represents NOT operation.

So output is ON

c. Here the rung represents NOT operation.

So output is OFF

d. Output is same as input

So output is OFF