Give definitions examples and explanations of how to disting

Give definitions, examples, and explanations of how to distinguish the following mutations:

Conservative mutation

Non-conservative mutation

Semi-conservative mutation

Silent mutation

Solution

A conservative mutation substitutes amino acid which is similar in nature to the original amino acid.

Similar in the sense - similar physiochemical properties

Eg; Substitution of hydrophobic amino acid such as leucine with hydrophobic amino acid such as valine

A non conservative mutation substitutes amino acid which is different to the original amino acid.

Eg; Substitution of charged amino acid such as glutamic acid with aromatic amino acid such as phenylalanine.

Conservative mutations affect functionality of pepids more than conservative mutations

Silent mutations are DNA mutations which either do not result in a change to the amino acid sequence or result in the insertion of an alternative amino acid with similar properties to that of the original amino acid. Silent mutations can occur in non-coding regions (outside of genes within introns), or they may occur within exons.

Semiconservative mutations : In semiconservative mutation negative amino acid is replaced by positively charged amino acid . Eg Replication of DNA is semi conservative . Semiconservative mutation in Fruit fly resulting in vestigial wings