Which of the following is most likely a regulatory molecule

Which of the following is most likely a regulatory molecule? Hair Muscle protein Steroid Calcium Cell energy can be extracted from which of these? Iron Water Carbohydrates All of these

Solution

Ans.Calcium acts as a regulatory molecule among all these Calcium is important for cell signaling and acts as a second mesenger. It is important for regulation of phospho lipase C pathway. Increase in the concentration of cytoplasmis calcium it starts signaling pathway by opening chanels of endoplasmic reticulum Calcium binds to protein kinase C and thus activating it.

Calcium also serve as a regulatory molecule for the sodium potassium pump.

calcium also activates the regulatory protein such as calmodulin which is a calcium dependent calmodulin.

2. Energy is extracted through carbohydrates through the formation of ATP in the cell.

Glucose molecule is metabolized and converted to pyruvate and forms 8 ATP molecule . Also it enters krebs cycle and ultimately 38 ATP molecules forms