Human Anatomy Physiology Question Please Answer Them all A

Human Anatomy & Physiology Question: Please Answer Them all.

A. Where are the atrioventricular and semilunar valves of the heart located? What are the functions of these valves? Why are the valves important for survival? How are they structurally different?

B. Present a structural heart defect. Describe the structural problem, the effects it has on function and treatment.

Solution

Where are the atrioventricular and semilunar valves of the heart located

Ans-

Atrioventricular valve is present in between the atria and ventricles.

Semilunar valve present at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary tank respectively.

What are the functions of these valves?

Ans-

Atrioventricular valve functions to keep blood in the heart flowing in one single direction and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.

The semilunar valve functions to prevent backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles during ventricular diastole and it also maintain pressure on the major arteries.

Why are the valves important for survival?

Ans-

As the heart muscle contrracts and relaxes(cystole and diastole),the valves opened and shut down ,letting blood flow into ventricles and atria alternatively.

all the valves has the basic function -one way blood flow direction maintaining.

Present a structural heart defect.

ans-    Congenital heart defect ,a problemfound in structure of hear at the time of birth. It occurs whwn something affects the hearts development during about five week of pregnancy when the heart is developing from a simple tube like structure to fully formed heart.Main causes includes sporadic genetic changes(mutation,deletion or addition of segments of DNA) Some environmental factor also responsible for it, includes-infection during pregnancy by rubella,drugs like alcohol,lithium,and maternal illness like diabetes mellitusd.

STRUCTURAL PROBLEM AND EFFECTS

The ductus arteriosus may be opened(Because of circulating factors like prostaglandin)

The foramen ovale may be opened(As the blood flow from the rtight atrium to the left atrium.)

Membrane portion of foramen ovale flops over the muscular portion

TREATMENT-

Sometiomes it improves without treartment.

Most of the times it requires operations and or medications.

Medication includes-certain anti-seizure (benzodiazeoines & lithium)

-Acne medication(isotretinoin)

-Diuretics(aid the body eliminating water ,salts and digoxin for strengthening the contraction of the heart)

Sometimes patient needs care for full life.