Describe how codingnoncoding dna content makes up the human

Describe how coding/noncoding dna content makes up the human genome and describe the mechanism that has given rise to gene duplications and enable genome mobility

Solution

DNA is double Helical structure.It is hereditary material which contains all our genes

The human genome of homo sapiens is stored in 23 chromosome pairs

The Human genome project which is international scientific research project states that coding DNA are those which can be translated into protein.They occupy very insignificant portion of genome which is less than 2%

Non coding DNA are those that do not encode protein sequences and some of them are transcribed to RNA.They make up the majority of the portion of genome which is abount 98%

Duplication in any of the region of DNA which contains a gene is called gene Duplication

Mechanism:Polyploidy-Increase in the number of chromosomes results in polyploidy.Eukaryotic cells are haploid(2n) while sex cells are diploid(each containing 1n).A cell with 3n or more is polyploid

Aneuploidy-It occurs when abnormal no of chromosomes are formed due to disjunction at one chromosome.It results in miscarriages

Replication Slippage-It is an error in DNA replication that results in DNA of short sequences

Ectopic Recombination-Unequal crossover that occurs during meiosis between misaligned homologous chromosomes

Mobile Genetic elements are the materials whcih can move around the DNA within the genome

Example:Transposons,Insertion sequences,Plasmids