The presence of Nterminal of tails and H1 of the histones co

The presence of N-terminal of tails and H1 of the histones contribute to the higherorder DNA packaging and regulation of gene transcription. Briefly explain the mechanisms. (Please be as clear, in your own words, and on point as possible)

Solution

Histones are positively charged molecules around them DNA get wrapped because DNA is negatively charge due to phosphate-sugar backbone. This leads to formation of DNA-Histone (protein-DNA) complex. This single unit/bead is known as nucleosome. Every chromosome contains large number of nucleosomes which are joined by the DNA which is known as linker DNA. There are mainly two types of histone proteins present in cell i.e. Core histone and Linker histone. Core histones are H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and H1 is linker histone. This H1 linker histone wraps the DNA around this octamer unit. As we know that there is N-terminal of tails and H1 histone present which plays very important role in higher order of DNA packaging and gene transcription regulation. In which around 146 base pair wraps approximately. The Changes in histone can leads to alteration in regulation of gene transcription. Secondly that may be because of change in interaction between histone and regulatory factor. One more thing during the transcription process the H1 Linker histone gets removed.