Can someone teach me how to answer all the questions as ment

Can someone teach me how to answer all the questions as mentioned above?

a) Describe the importance of crane in the construction industry b) The use of a tower crane requires considerable planning because the crane is a fixed installation on the site for the duration of the primary construction activities. Briefly describe four (4) factors of crane selection for the construction and how to assemble the tower crane. Briefly explain three(3) With the aid of sketches, list and illustrate the formwork detail of following structure member: elements of excavator and list five (5) usage of the excavator. c) d) i. Wall ii Column

Solution

Importance of crane in construction industry

Cranes are important part in the construction industry. cranes are used to lift, move, lower and raise the objects, material and soil. Cranes have become the most essential assets and important mechanism in construction sites. Cranes works with hoist, chains, ropes, wires and sheaves,It do the work easier and faster.

The improvement in the cranes technology and the safety features ensured that it is easy to operate any type of crane without must operational cost . The use of different types of cranes reduces the burden of labours involved in the construction industry.

Cranes plays an important part of lifting mechanism and plays an important role in the overall project. Cranes help in moving materials in different directions and locations.

Installation of crane on site and assembling

In terms of construction progress, it is better to place a tower crane outside the floor plan of the constructed structure. Such crane does not pose an obstacle to construction work progress and, if necessary, the date of its removal may be shifted with no negative impact on construction process. It also enables early crane installation prior to the first work on foundation structures. Crane positioning outside the floor plan of the constructed structure provides for simple crane supply with construction material (Motyka, 2000) and good view from the crane operator’s cabin on the transport means during material collection, which speeds up crane work and improves work safety. However, in this type of crane positioning, complications may be caused existing underground infrastructure services in front of the structure and their protection zones (highpressure gas pipelines, sewage collector, etc.), outlying underground part of the structure or construction pit for basement complex of the structure. Then, the tower crane needs to be moved away from the structure, to a distance posing no threat to underground infrastructure services or construction pit wall stability, possibly, special foundations have to be prepared 51 for the crane, e.g. micropilots, to avoid load on the construction pit wall. A crane positioned outside the constructed structure may also call for the need to occupy larger site and use more powerful and expensive installation mechanisms with longer reach. Especially the limited special conditions within a site and the desire to minimise crane costs often require crane placement within the constructed structure.

FACTOR OF CRANE SELECTION

For not to refain the work progress- Tower crane outside the floor plan of the constructed structure. Such crane does not pose an obstacle to construction work progress. It also enables early crane installation prior to the first work on foundation structures.

Easy Supply of material - Crane positioning outside the floor plan of the constructed structure provides for simple crane supply with construction material and  speeds up crane work and improves work safety.

Installation costs:- The limited special conditions within a site and the desire to minimise crane costs which require crane placement within the constructed structure.

Assembling

Tower cranes assembled directly on site using other assembly means, usually mobile crane. It has to reach above the centre of gravity of the beam, counter beam and above the tower of the assembled crane and sufficient bearing capacity in these places. Weight of the heavy crane parts depends on the  type of crane. Crane assembly is not coupled with any problems, since the site offers plenty of space in the initial phases and there is good access to the assembly site. The mast rises from this firm foundation. The mast is a large, triangulated lattice structure, typically 10 feet (3.2 meters) square. The triangulated structure gives the mast the strength to remain upright.

To rise to its maximum height, the crane grows itself one mast section at a time! The crew uses a top climber or climbing frame that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast tower crane may only be installed in a certain distance from the structure’s edge that is accessible for removal, where the mobile crane will have reach with the required carrying capacity.

THREE  ELEMENTS OF EXCAVATOR

BUCKET- The bucket attached to the lifting hook of a crane, at the end of the arm of an excavating machine, to the arms of a power shovel .Excavator buckets are made of solid steel and generally present teeth protruding from the cutting edge, to disrupt hard material

TRACK-The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tyres on an equivalent vehicle, enabling a continuous tracked vehicle to traverse soft ground with less likelihood of becoming stuck due to sinking

ARM- The arm of excavator is one of the most important parts which can be used to raise and extend the bucket at the end to facilitate the digging and moving of material.

Uses of Excavators