Homework SourseDuring the global recession of 2008 and 2009 there were many
During the global recession of 2008 and 2009, there were many accusations of unethical behavior by Wall Street executives, financial managers, and other corporate officers. At that time, an article appeared suggesting that part of the reason for such unethical business behavior may stem from the fact that cheating has become more prevalent among business students. The article reported that 86% of business students admitted to cheating at some time during their academic career as compared to 77% of non-business students.
Cheating has been a concern of the dean of the College of Business at Rocky University for several years. Some faculty members in the college believe that cheating is more widespread at Rocky than at other universities, while other faculty members think that cheating is not a major problem at the college. To resolve some of these issues, the dean commissioned a study to assess the current ethical behavior of business students at Rocky. As part of this study, an anonymous exit survey was administered to a sample of 90 business students from this years graduating class. Responses to the following questions were used to obtain data regarding three types of cheating.
During your time at Rocky, did you ever present work copied off the internet as your own?
____ Yes
____ No
During your time at Rocky, did you ever copy answers off another students exam?
____ Yes
____ No
During your time at Rocky, did you ever collaborate with other students on projects that were supposed to be completed individually?
____ Yes
____ No
Any student who answered yes to one or more of these questions was considered to have been involved in some type of cheating. The complete data set is in the file named Rocky.
Student
Copied from Internet
Copied on Exam
Collaborated on Individual Project
Gender
1
NO
NO
NO
Female
2
YES
YES
NO
Female
3
NO
NO
YES
Female
4
YES
NO
NO
Female
5
YES
YES
NO
Male
6
NO
NO
YES
Female
7
YES
YES
YES
Female
8
NO
YES
NO
Female
9
NO
YES
NO
Male
10
NO
NO
YES
Male
11
YES
YES
NO
Male
12
NO
YES
NO
Female
13
NO
NO
YES
Male
14
YES
YES
YES
Female
15
NO
NO
YES
Female
16
NO
YES
YES
Male
17
YES
YES
NO
Female
18
NO
YES
NO
Male
19
NO
NO
YES
Female
20
NO
NO
YES
Female
21
NO
NO
NO
Male
22
YES
NO
YES
Male
23
NO
YES
NO
Male
24
YES
YES
YES
Male
25
YES
YES
YES
Female
26
YES
NO
NO
Male
27
YES
NO
NO
Female
28
NO
YES
YES
Male
29
YES
YES
NO
Female
30
NO
YES
NO
Male
31
NO
YES
NO
Male
32
NO
YES
NO
Male
33
NO
NO
YES
Female
34
YES
NO
YES
Female
35
YES
YES
NO
Male
36
NO
YES
NO
Male
37
YES
NO
YES
Male
38
NO
NO
NO
Male
39
YES
YES
YES
Male
40
YES
NO
YES
Female
41
YES
NO
YES
Male
42
YES
NO
YES
Female
43
YES
YES
YES
Male
44
NO
NO
YES
Male
45
NO
YES
YES
Female
46
NO
YES
NO
Female
47
YES
NO
NO
Male
48
NO
YES
YES
Female
49
NO
NO
YES
Female
50
YES
YES
NO
Female
51
YES
YES
NO
Male
52
YES
NO
NO
Female
53
YES
NO
NO
Male
54
YES
YES
NO
Male
55
YES
NO
YES
Male
56
NO
YES
YES
Female
57
NO
YES
NO
Female
58
NO
YES
YES
Female
59
NO
YES
NO
Female
60
NO
NO
NO
Male
61
NO
YES
NO
Male
62
NO
NO
YES
Male
63
YES
YES
YES
Female
64
NO
YES
YES
Male
65
YES
NO
NO
Female
66
NO
NO
NO
Female
67
YES
NO
YES
Male
68
NO
YES
YES
Female
69
YES
NO
NO
Female
70
NO
NO
NO
Female
71
NO
NO
NO
Male
72
NO
YES
NO
Female
73
YES
YES
YES
Female
74
NO
NO
NO
Female
75
NO
YES
YES
Female
76
YES
NO
YES
Male
77
NO
NO
YES
Female
78
YES
NO
NO
Male
79
YES
YES
YES
Male
80
YES
YES
NO
Male
81
NO
NO
YES
Female
82
YES
NO
YES
Male
83
NO
NO
NO
Female
84
YES
YES
NO
Male
85
YES
NO
NO
Male
86
NO
YES
YES
Male
87
NO
YES
YES
Female
88
YES
YES
YES
Female
89
NO
YES
YES
Female
90
YES
YES
NO
Male
Develop 95% confidence intervals for the proportion of all students, the proportion of all male students, and the proportion of all female students who were involved in collaborating on an individual project.
| Student | Copied from Internet | Copied on Exam | Collaborated on Individual Project | Gender |
| 1 | NO | NO | NO | Female |
| 2 | YES | YES | NO | Female |
| 3 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 4 | YES | NO | NO | Female |
| 5 | YES | YES | NO | Male |
| 6 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 7 | YES | YES | YES | Female |
| 8 | NO | YES | NO | Female |
| 9 | NO | YES | NO | Male |
| 10 | NO | NO | YES | Male |
| 11 | YES | YES | NO | Male |
| 12 | NO | YES | NO | Female |
| 13 | NO | NO | YES | Male |
| 14 | YES | YES | YES | Female |
| 15 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 16 | NO | YES | YES | Male |
| 17 | YES | YES | NO | Female |
| 18 | NO | YES | NO | Male |
| 19 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 20 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 21 | NO | NO | NO | Male |
| 22 | YES | NO | YES | Male |
| 23 | NO | YES | NO | Male |
| 24 | YES | YES | YES | Male |
| 25 | YES | YES | YES | Female |
| 26 | YES | NO | NO | Male |
| 27 | YES | NO | NO | Female |
| 28 | NO | YES | YES | Male |
| 29 | YES | YES | NO | Female |
| 30 | NO | YES | NO | Male |
| 31 | NO | YES | NO | Male |
| 32 | NO | YES | NO | Male |
| 33 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 34 | YES | NO | YES | Female |
| 35 | YES | YES | NO | Male |
| 36 | NO | YES | NO | Male |
| 37 | YES | NO | YES | Male |
| 38 | NO | NO | NO | Male |
| 39 | YES | YES | YES | Male |
| 40 | YES | NO | YES | Female |
| 41 | YES | NO | YES | Male |
| 42 | YES | NO | YES | Female |
| 43 | YES | YES | YES | Male |
| 44 | NO | NO | YES | Male |
| 45 | NO | YES | YES | Female |
| 46 | NO | YES | NO | Female |
| 47 | YES | NO | NO | Male |
| 48 | NO | YES | YES | Female |
| 49 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 50 | YES | YES | NO | Female |
| 51 | YES | YES | NO | Male |
| 52 | YES | NO | NO | Female |
| 53 | YES | NO | NO | Male |
| 54 | YES | YES | NO | Male |
| 55 | YES | NO | YES | Male |
| 56 | NO | YES | YES | Female |
| 57 | NO | YES | NO | Female |
| 58 | NO | YES | YES | Female |
| 59 | NO | YES | NO | Female |
| 60 | NO | NO | NO | Male |
| 61 | NO | YES | NO | Male |
| 62 | NO | NO | YES | Male |
| 63 | YES | YES | YES | Female |
| 64 | NO | YES | YES | Male |
| 65 | YES | NO | NO | Female |
| 66 | NO | NO | NO | Female |
| 67 | YES | NO | YES | Male |
| 68 | NO | YES | YES | Female |
| 69 | YES | NO | NO | Female |
| 70 | NO | NO | NO | Female |
| 71 | NO | NO | NO | Male |
| 72 | NO | YES | NO | Female |
| 73 | YES | YES | YES | Female |
| 74 | NO | NO | NO | Female |
| 75 | NO | YES | YES | Female |
| 76 | YES | NO | YES | Male |
| 77 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 78 | YES | NO | NO | Male |
| 79 | YES | YES | YES | Male |
| 80 | YES | YES | NO | Male |
| 81 | NO | NO | YES | Female |
| 82 | YES | NO | YES | Male |
| 83 | NO | NO | NO | Female |
| 84 | YES | YES | NO | Male |
| 85 | YES | NO | NO | Male |
| 86 | NO | YES | YES | Male |
| 87 | NO | YES | YES | Female |
| 88 | YES | YES | YES | Female |
| 89 | NO | YES | YES | Female |
| 90 | YES | YES | NO | Male Develop 95% confidence intervals for the proportion of all students, the proportion of all male students, and the proportion of all female students who were involved in collaborating on an individual project. |
Solution
For the proportion of all students:
p=42/90=0.4666667
So the lower bound is
p - Z*sqrt(p*(1-p)/n) =0.4666667 - 1.96*sqrt(0.4666667*(1-0.4666667)/90) =0.3635954
So the upper bound is
p + Z*sqrt(p*(1-p)/n) =0.4666667 + 1.96*sqrt(0.4666667*(1-0.4666667)/90) =0.569738
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the proportion of all male students:
p=24/90=0.2666667
So the lower bound is
p - Z*sqrt(p*(1-p)/n) =0.2666667 - 1.96*sqrt(0.2666667*(1-0.2666667)/90) =0.1753038
So the upper bound is
p + Z*sqrt(p*(1-p)/n) =0.2666667 + 1.96*sqrt(0.2666667*(1-0.2666667)/90) =0.3580296
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the proportion of all female:
p=18/90=0.2
So the lower bound is
p - Z*sqrt(p*(1-p)/n) =0.2 - 1.96*sqrt(0.2*(1-0.2)/90) =0.1173591
So the upper bound is
p + Z*sqrt(p*(1-p)/n) =0.2 + 1.96*sqrt(0.2*(1-0.2)/90) =0.2826409
