Based on the number of cervical vertebrae you observed in th

Based on the number of cervical vertebrae you observed in the lab skeletons, how many cervical vertebrae would a giraffe have? Explain your reasoning. Compare the bird, bat and insect\'s wings in lab. Would these constitute homologous or analogous traits? Explain your reasoning. The bird skeleton is lacking teeth. How might this be an adaptation for this organism? Re-examine the turtle skeleton. What skeletal pieces\' fuse to comprise its shell?

Solution

Q.15

Giraffes have extremely a long neck, giraffes have only seven cervical vertebrae, that which same number that found in humans.Elongated vertebrae that which give the extreme height to giraffes. single vertebrae is around 10 inches long. Each and every vertebrae is connected by ball & socket joint, that give the greater range of momentum (motion) in the neck of giraffe.

Giraffes height-14 and 17 feet tall with neck provide almost six feet of height. and the long neck allowed giraffes to feed on tall trees that which other animals cannot reach there, for example- acacia trees, it’s favourite food of giraffes.Giraffes use these long necks to established dominance using the behavior know as necking. long neck is really important for giraffe for srvival in nature, to feed on tall tree and giraffe height is necessary for encroaching predators, example like lions & crocodiles.

Q.16-

befor the answer we need to understand what is constitute homologous vs analogous .the stucture which are similar in morphology + anatomy + genetics and embryology or dissimiliar in fuction are called as homologous structure. similar anatomy but doing dissimilar functions,inherited from common ancestor,similar developmental patten,smilar structure and origin

for example –arms of Bat,whale,cat,human different function but same origin.

analogous structure – lead to development of superficially similar structure that lead to siliar way of life. anatomical structure are different, dissimilar but doing smilar functions,develop in unrelated animals,not inherited from common ancestor,developmental patten not same,dissimilar in origin and structure called analogous structure.

for example- wings of birds,insects, bat for flying but different in origin

Q17-Ans-

if we look at Bird anatomy or physiological structure of the birds\' bodies,it’s shows that many unique adaptations to nature, especially aiding flight. in Birds light skeletal system & light & powerful muscles. this feature of birds permit to fly.development of thebirds beak has leds to evolution of   adapted digestive system. These anatomical special feature have earned birds to their his own class in perticular vertebrate phylum, Birds are also lack the teeth or even true jaw instead of that having beak, which is extremely lightweight and strong for withstand stresses of flying, and landing, taking off,

Q-18 Ans-

turtle shell is a peculiar evolution of the turtle\'s bone structure, and Its, pelvis, vertebrae, ribcage--it have no muscles in between it’s ribs, and which make’s easier & other bones are fuse together formed a sort of the reptilian exoskeleton. scale like pieces on turtle which make’s it turtle shell that look like the soccer ball.

skeletone pieces which fuse to form its shell turtle shell made of 2- parts first part is (carapace) upper shell which fusion of vertebrae & dorsal ribs & (plastron) lower shell that which originate from the ventral ribs -gastralia .