Youre a nursing student developing a presentation for your c

You’re a nursing student developing a presentation for your class. You instructor has asked you to present on immunity and the immune response. The following areas are to be covered. Differentiate between innate and acquired immunity. Differentiate between humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Discuss each of the antibodies including major functions and how they are produced in the body. Discuss the differences between the primary and secondary immune responses. Describe the different types of T cells and their functions What information would you share with your classmates?

Solution

1).

Humoral immunity: Humoral immunity is antibody mediated, it includes the B cells that recognize antigens are release particular antibodies.

If the B cells encounter the presence of a specific antigen, they become activated or sensitised if their structure fits into the antigen binding receptors of the B cells. The activation of B cells need the help of T cells.

In the subsequent processes, the antigens bound to the class II MHC proteins (major histocompatibility complex) present on B cell surface.

Cell-mediated immunity: It includes the T cells and recognizes cells by their particular MHC (major histocompatibility) markers, which also include the cells attached by the pathogens and cancer cells. Humoral immunity cannot detect cancer cells.

Innate and adaptive immunity:

Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity (aquired immunity)

Advantages and disadvantages:

Present in the body from the time of birth

Acquired after birth

Provides general protection against a wide -range of pathogens

Provides specific immunity against selective pathogen

Response is immediate

Response is late

Speed of response is constant throughout the life tome

Response speed increases with successive exposure (this is due to immunological memory)

No memory cells mediated attacks are provided during immune response, attack is rapid.

Memory cells are stored for each specific pathogen, and the attack is very diverse and specific.

Prior exposure is not required to start an immediate attack

Attack occurs from second exposure onwards.

Antibodies are the “Y shaped” pretentious structures (immunoglobulins) secreted by “plasma cells” (differentiated form of B cells and T cells). The different types of antibodies present in our body are, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM.

Among these, an IgG antibody provides resistance against a wide range of viruses and bacteria, and they make up about 80% of our antibody count.

IgM antibodies are present in lymph fluid and blood. They account for 5 to 10% of antibodies.

IgA is the secretory antibody that is generally found in the mucosal secretions of nose, ears, airways, GI tract and genitals.

Hey fever is an allergic response. IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies are not associated with allergic response.

IgE antibodies are released more during allergic conditions; they trigger the body’s reactivity towards the foreign particles. During hay fever, histamines are released from the mast cells, which is a major component of hypersensitivity reactions.