What is the relationship of each of these three Endomembrane

What is the relationship of each of these three Endomembrane system domains and cell wall synthesis?

-Rough ER

-Golgi

-Plasma membrane

Solution

The rough ER is composed of flat and interconnected sacs arranged in stacks. The rough ER is named so because it is studded with ribosomes giving granular appearance. The rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) along with ribosomes synthesizes the new proteins. These new proteins are released into ER lumen which is fluid filled space enclosed within ER membrane. The proteins synthesized, serve two purposes. Some of the proteins are exported to the external site or outside the cell include hormones or enzymes. Other proteins synthesized by ER are used in the construction of cellular membranes such as plasma membrane or organelle membrane.

The Golgi complex is a membraned cell organelle containing stacks of flattened sacs that are slightly curved. These sacs of Golgi complex do not contact each other and the sacs are thin in the middle with bulged edges. The number of Golgi complexes in a cell varies depending on the cell type.

The function of Golgi complex include is to process the raw materials synthesized by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the final form. Golgi complex is also involved in sorting out and directs the finished product in the ER to the final destination such as exterior of the cell or to be used in the synthesis of plasma membrane.

The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer containing phospholipid molecules arranging themselves with the polar or hydrophilic heads interacting with the water and the non polar or hydrophobic tails facing interior of the bilayer. Several outer surface proteins act as receptors that recognize and bind with specific signal molecules in the extra cellular environment. Some other proteins are involved in cell adhesion processes acting as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). These molecules protrude from the outer membrane into cellwall forming loops or hooks through which cells grip with one another or the connective tissue fibers grasp between the cells.