Plant spores give rise directly to sporophytes gametophytes

Plant spores give rise directly to sporophytes. gametophytes. gametes. sporophylls seeds. Then following characteristics all helped seedless plants become better-adapted to land except. A dominant gametophyte. Vascular tissue A waxy cuticle Stomata A branched sporophyte. Bryophytes never formed forests (mats maybe, but not forests) because they possess flagellated sperms. not all are heterosporous. they lack lignified vascular tissue. they have no adaptations to prevent desiccation. the sporophyte is too weak.

Solution

1. Option B. The spores gives rise to gametophytes. The gametophytes makes gametes, which fertilise each other to make embryo. The embryo grows into sporophytes which forms spores.

2. Option A. Waxy cuticle, vascular tissue, stomata, branched sporophytes helps the plants to save and transport water and nutrients in land.

3. Option C. Bryophytes lack lignified vascular tissue i.e. xylem and phloem. They cannot form forests because they cannot transport water and nutrients. So they form mats but not forests.