Consider an asynchronous source Sa with alphabet Aa a0 a1 a
     Consider an asynchronous source S_a with alphabet A_a ={a_0, a_1, ..., a_M - 1} and corresponding probabilities P_a = {p_0, p_1, ..., p_M - 1}.  The source is asynchronous and so the factor of time it pauses is a while the factor of time it transmit a symbol from A_alpha is 1 - alpha (0  
  
  Solution
There are many serial data transfer protocols. The protocols for serial data transfercan be grouped into two types: synchronous and asynchronous. Forsynchronous data transfer, both the sender and receiver access the data according to the same clock.

