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X Incorrect X Incorrect X Incorrect X Incorrect x Incorrect Incorrect x Incorrect x Incore Question 7 of 8 Map Sapling Learning Guanylyl cyclases (guanylate cyclases), when activated, catalyze the synthesis of the second messenger cGM5 from GTP. Determine how the following affect intracellular cGMP concentration. Increase or maintain [cGMP] decrease [cGMP] The heart, due to increased blood volume, releases cGMP phosphodiesterase atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is inhibited E. coli produces a endotoxin in the int Nitric oxide synthase is inhibited The intestinal peptide guanylin binds to the guanylyl cyclase receptor AO Previous 8 Give Up & View Solution 2 Check Answer Next Exit

Solution

phosphodiesterases degrade the phosphodiester bond in cGMP and cAMP. Inhibition of phosphodiesterases will increase the concentration of cGMP

Nitric oxide synthase catalyse the production of NO. NO causes increase in intracellular cGMP as it activates guanylate cyclase. Hence, inhibition of NOS will lead to decrease in intracellular cGMP levels.

ANF binds to the atrial natriuretic peptide receptors present on the cell surface and causes the conversion of GTP to cGMP and hence increasing intracellular cGMP concentration

Endotoxins secreted by E.Coli like lipopolysaccharides can trigger the formation of NO/cGMP pathways as it activates Nitric Oxide Synthase. Hence, leading to increased levels of intracellular cGMP levels.

Guanylin regulates water and electrolyte flow in the intestines and kidneys. It binds to the guanylyl cyclase receptor (GC-C) and increases intracellular cGMP concentration.