Explain the principal similarities and differences between p

Explain the principal similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the following aspects of transcription:

a) Structure of the promoter region

b) the enzyme(s) that catalyze transcription

c) the accessory protein(s) involved

d) the post-transcriptional fate of the RNA

Solution

Answer:-

Part a:-Structure of promoter region in prokaryotes consists of - 10 box and - 35 box called pribnow box (TATAAT) and - 35 box (TTGACA) respectively. Whereas in eukaryotes there is Goldberg hogness box or TATAAA, GC boc, CAAT box

b:-There is only one enzyme RNA polymerase in bacteria that transcribe all types of genes or rRNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA) Wheras there are three different RNA polymerase in eukaryotes pol I-rRNA, pol-II-mRNA, pol-III-tRNA

C:-Prokaryotic transcription involves nus A protein, Rho proteins etc. Whereas eukaryotic transcription involves general transcription factors, Tf-II, D, E, F, A, B

d:-Post transcriptional faymte of prokaryotic RNA is translation as transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in prokaryotes and introns are absent hence no RNA splicing, there is no nucleus hence no transport is required as transcription and translation occur in cytoplasm hence no 5\'capping and 3\'poladenylatjon is needed in prokaryotes wheras all the three process happen in RNA of eukaryotes aftet transcription