i need the complete answers as soon as possible SolutionUNIV

i need the complete answers as soon as possible

Solution

UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer

origon and history of UNIVAC:

->it is the first computer produced in united states for business and administrative use with fast execution of relatively simple arithmetic and data transport operations, opposed to the complex numerical calculations required of scientific computers.

->it was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, makers of ENIAC

->ENIAC, best for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator and completed in 1946 at a cost of nearly $500,000. It took up 15,000 feet, employed 17,000 vacuum tubes, and was programmed by plugging and replugging some 6,000 switches.

-> and It was first used in a calculation for Los Alamos Laboratories in December 1945, and in February 1946 it was formally dedicated.

->hence The first UNIVAC came on line for the U.S. Government\'s Census Bureau. The first commercial customer to purchase a UNIVAC was the Prudential Insurance Company

->The UNIVAC was the first computer to come equipped with a magnetic tape unit and was the first computer to use buffer memory.

strengths:

-> the Random access feature provides large file of information

-> this is readily accessible to many types of input-output devices,

->Eliminates necessity of batching items as in previous systems.Information can be fed into the system at any time with readyaccess to balances.

->Random access feature eliminates many interim steps associatedwith other methods such as sorting and collating. Postingscan
be made from source doczrments which are kept in their original sequence.

-> Same record filed magnetically is available to all input-output
devices simultaneously. Then all operators can post to the same
record even making entries to the same items at the same time.

->Keyboard entries can be nade directly into the system.

->Eliminates searching for a record card.

->Gives freedom in handling late items
.
->Gives freedom in handling rusk items
.
->Cirmulative total of all entries is constantly available.

->Through on-line and off-line operation, the system, can handle

weakness:

->in this systems where the reference file is large
it is necessary to accumulate batches of items for processing before the information can be economically handled.
several applications siraultaneously and use cammon information
according to different activities.

UNIVAC with IBM:

IBM got in 1951 when it lost the Census Bureau business to UNIVAC. That setback reenergized IBM, which had dominated pre-computer data processing.

Determined to meet the challenge—and eyeing data processing needs in the Korean War—IBM designed its 701 computer in just one year. After that, a flurry of new models eroded UNIVAC’s lead.

the best mechanism is

->The UNITYPER was an offline typewriter used by the programmers to write code for the computer, while the UNISERVO could read and write the UNITYPER compatible tapes, so it was a form of an early tape drive.

->The Tape Handling Mechanism(The ten tape handlers were known as UNISERVOS. These were designed before tape handlers used vacuum columns to maintain the tape loops. In place of vacuum activated controls, the UNISERVOS used springs, pulleys, and fish line.)

10)

Hewlett-Packard, commonly referred to as HP, was an information technology corporation based in Palo Alto, California, which was split into two companies: Hewlett Packard Enterprise and HP Inc

HP called it a desktop calculator, because, as Bill Hewlett said, \"If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers\' computer gurus because it didn\'t look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and all such nonsense disappeared.\"

1980s:

HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop. Along with its scanner product line, these have later been developed into successful multifunction products, the most significant being single-unit printer/scanner/copier/fax machines. The print mechanisms in HP\'s tremendously popular LaserJet line of laser printers depend almost entirely on Canon Inc.\'s components (print engines), which in turn use technology developed by Xerox.

HP develops the hardware, firmware, and software that convert data into dots for the mechanism to print.

1990

In the 1990s, HP expanded their computer product line, which initially had been targeted at university, research, and business users, to reach consumers. HP also grew through acquisitions. It bought Apollo Computer in 1989 and Convex Computer in 1995.

In July 1999, HP appointed Carly Fiorina as CEO, the first female CEO of a company in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Fiorina served as CEO during the technology downturn[citation needed] of the early 2000s. During her tenure, the market value of HP halved and the company cut jobs heavily.[25] The HP Board of Directors asked Fiorina to step down in 2005, and she resigned on February 9, 2005.

thus HB overtaked IBM to become largestcomputer manufacturer

it acheived throughthe result from \"accounting improprieties, misrepresentations and disclosure failures\" by the previous management, who in turn accuse HP of a \"textbook example of defensive stalling\"
to conceal evidence of its own prior knowledge and gross mismanagement and undermining of the company,