1 Which of the following occurs in the rat estrous cycle but

1. Which of the following occurs in the rat estrous cycle but not the human menstrual cycle?

A) ovulation is induced by cues associated with matin

B) Maintenance or corpora lutea is induced by cues associated with mating

C) Both ovulation and maintenance of corpora lutea are induced by cues associated with mating

D) Both ovulation and maintenance of corpora lutea occur simultaneously

E) None of the above

2. In women and other female primates, proceptivity is dependent on high circulating concentrations of...

A) Estrogen

B) Progesterone

C) Estrogen + Progesterone

D) Androgens

E) None of the above

3. In female rats, the expression of lordosis is dependent on input from...

A) The vomeronasal organ

B) The main olfactory system

C) Tactile receptors in the flanks

D) Courtship vocalizations from males

E) All of the above

4. In facilitating lordosis in rats, estrogen does all of the following EXCEPT...

A) Increase the size of receptive fields of sensroy neurons

B) Increase excitability of neurons in the spinal cord

C) Increase numbers of progesterone receptors in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

D) Increase neural activity in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

E) Increase neural activity in the medial preoptic area

5. In house mice, pheromones from males can have all of the following effects EXCEPT...

A) Delaying puberty in young females

B) Inducing abortion in pregnant females

C) Initiating ovulatory cycles in suppressed females

D) Synchronizing ovulatory cycles in females

E) None of the above (i.e. pheromones from males can have all of these effects)

Solution

1 (B) In humans the corpus luteum is formed following ovulation and will remain functional and produce hormones for several days, where as in rodents corpus luteum will be functional and retian onli if vaginal-cervical stimulation ( mating cues) occur.

2(A)

3(E)

4 (D) ESTROGEN enhances lordosis by reducing excitatory neural impulses from the POA to the VTA. (REF: Front. Neurosci., 24 March 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00067)

5 (A) [The Vandenbergh effect. When male mouse urine CONTAINING PHEROMONES is placed in close proximity to a developing female mouse pup, the pup will have ACCELERATED puberty]