calculate the magnetic moment of Ho3 using Hunds rulesSoluti

calculate the magnetic moment of Ho3+ using Hund\'s rules

Solution

Hund\'s rule of maximum multiplicity is a rule based on observation of atomic spectra, which is used to predict the ground state of an atom or molecule with one or more open electronic shells. The rule states that for a given electron configuration, the lowest energy term is the one with the greatest value of spin multiplicity.This implies that if two or more orbitals of equal energy are available, electrons will occupy them singly before filling them in pairs. The rule, discovered by Friedrich Hund in 1925, is of important use in atomic chemistry, spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry, and is often abbreviated to Hund\'s rule, ignoring Hund\'s other two rules.

Low-temperature dynamics of mesoscopic magnetic moments of a 0.1% at Ho3+Ho3+-doped LiYF4LiYF4single crystal is probed by ac-susceptibility measurements above T=1.75K.T=1.75K. In the temperature and frequency range studied (1.75KT5K,10Hzf1500Hz),(1.75KT5K,10Hzf1500Hz), the results clearly show that both thermally activated quantum tunneling of a nearly isolated magnetic moment and spin–spin cross relaxations occur. This interpretation is strongly supported by the calculated electro-nuclear Zeeman diagram either of a single ion or of a pair of diluted ions.