What is the difference between statistical significance and

What is the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance? Find an example of a study that shows a statistical significance but not a clinical significance. Explain why the statistical significance does not warrant a clinical significance.

Solution

Answer:

The difference between statistical significance & clinical significance: statistical significance is mainly a significant traditional data analyses that unravel aspects of testing a “hypothesis” finally illustrate accept or reject hypothesis as per statistical power. Therefore, it is not going to provide any information about clinical meaningfulness. The statistical significance is mainly associated with type 1 or type 2 errors & p-values does not warrant clinical significance

Clinical Significance is mainly an adequate magnitude to exert its influence on clinical aspects of health care with no specific thresholds & the determinants are effect size measurements such as specificity & odd ratio and sensitivity

For example, the affect of alcohol on all cause risk of death in men and women combined during 1998 in Northern California. The major deaths have increased from 9,102 in men, when they consumed alcohol 2 to 6 times a day (statistical significance p<0.01) where as incase of women, it has observed that 7,329 deaths. Here in this example, statistical significance is only depicts the level of mortality associated with cardiovascular deaths with alcohol but did not provide information about the clinical significance associated with determinants such as \"relative risk, absolute risk reduction\". However, non-cardiovascular deaths are higher in number even under alcohol consumption i.e. approximately 10,150 with level of significance same when the people consumed alcohol 2 to 6 times per day. The alcohol effects produced liver cirrhosis due to free radical mechanism and H+ ions generation. Alcohol has severe impact on the both men women resulted in coronary heart disease (cell ischaemia due to alcohol) with death rate (3054 in men, 2830 deaths of women). Those who have died due to adverse effects caused by the severe alcohol consumption, 3 to 5 times per day & 2 to 6 times per day are higher & these deaths are potentially due to liver cancer (4878 in men, 2342 in women).

B. The effect of the alcohols on coronary disease death risk in people that drink wine excessively is lesser (n = 480) compared to the deaths occurred in the people who drink liquor excessively greater than 6 time per day resulted in total death 686. In case of people who had beer excessively was observed with 329 deaths (>2 days per week) with statistical significance 0.7 (p <0.05). These consensuses statistical values has indicate that raw liquor contain toxic alcohol and has severe effects on the people & leading to cardiac arrest through coronary heart disease due to dirking more than 6 days per day.