Occasionally due to mutation or another issue mRNAs are prod

Occasionally, due to mutation or another issue, mRNAs are produced with premature stop codons. When this occurs, factors of the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway destabilize the relevant mRNA, repress that mRNA’s translation, promote the degradation of any truncated polypeptides that have been translated, and also feed back to interfere with the transcriptional processing of that mRNA (S. Kervestin and A. Jacobson. 2012. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 13(11):700). This means that:

Solution

In nonsense mediated decay (NMD) pathway, mainly three specific factors are involved and these are trans acting elements that are located upstream and are known as upframeshiftproteins (UFPs). These three factors UPF1, UPF2 and UPF3 (incase of humans UPF3A and UPF3B) form a conserved core of NMD pathway. These were identified in yeast and humans simultaneously. The factors UPF2 and UPF3 form the exon junction complex and are bound to mRNA after splicing along with other proteins. Therefore, NMD is surviellence pathway in eukaryotes to detect abnormal mRNA transcripts. Therefore, option E is correct.