1 We have made the observation that inputoutput takes a long

1- We have made the observation that \"input/output takes a long time\" relative to CPU operations. How does this difference impact the features and design of an operating system and its associated hardware?

2- What is the chief motivation for multiprogramming?

Solution

1.

input/output operations delay the operations of CPU.The overall execution becomes slower .so introduce cache memory and primary memory .The speed of cache memory is little slower than cpu and speed of primary is little slower than cache memory.primary memory is faster than input/output operations.but speed of primary memory can be coped ,when compared to speed of cpu.In this way we balance the speed to complete our work

2

In a computer with a single CPU, only one task is said to be running at any point in time, meaning that the CPU is actively executing instructions for that task. Multiprogramming systems are designed to maximize  the CPU usage.Here more than one process is active at a time and it is executing with its own set of instruction.so 2 to 3 operatins are happening at a time.By multiprogramming work completes faster