A 68yearold man presented to the emergency department with s

A 68-year-old man presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of chest pain, left arm pain, dyspnea, and weakness while away from home on a business trip. His prior medical history is not available, but he admits to being a 2-pack per day smoker for longer than 20 years. Cardiac markers were performed at admission and 8 hours postadmission with the following results: 7:30 AM; 4:00 PM; CARDIAC MARKERS SEPTEMBER 26 SEPTEMBER 26 CK-MB (0–5 ng/L) 5.3 9.2 Myoglobin 76 124 (70 g/L) Troponin T 0.1 1.3 (0–0.1 g/L) Questions 1. Do these results indicate a specific diagnosis? 2. If so, what is the diagnosis? 3. What myoglobin, CK-MB, and troponin T results would be expected if assayed at 4pm on september 27? 4. Can any assumptions be made about the patient\'s lifestyle/habits/health that would increase his risk for this condition? 5. are there any assays that might indicate his risk for further events of this type?

Solution

1) yes, these are suggestive of a particular diaagnosis.These are cardiac related tests

2) These helps to determine if the person had a heart attack.As we see the elevated levels of all the tests,and the series of the tests are being performed here which are suggestive of the fact that the problem continues and there is heart damage. Chest pain plus elevated CK-MB indicate that it is likely that a person has recently had a heart attack.

3)At 4 .00 PM next day, it is almost 32 hours, in such cases, the levels reach there maximum or peak values within 24 hours and start decreasing after that, therefore, levels might have reached it\'s maximum value but at 4 PM might have shown the down graph, i.e. started decreasing.

4)Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Smoking damages the lining of the arteries, causing a build up of fatty material i.e. atheroma that narrows the artery and thus cause angina followed by a heart attack.

5)3 New Tests to Predict Heart Attack have been introduced. These includes 1. ADMA/SDMA biomarker test ( measures levels of symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)). 2. TMAO biomarker test (measures levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bacterial byproduct that causes heart disease risk. 3. OmegaCheck (measures the balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in your blood)