you are in charge of the investigation regarding possible ex

you are in charge of the investigation regarding possible exposure to listeria from packaged salad. read the following and hen answer the questions:

- on January 27, Dole voluntarily recalled all salad mixes produced in the Springfield , Ohio processing facility.

-A list of the recalled brands and types of salad mixes, states they were sold, and instruction on how to identify them are available on the Advice to Consumers page.

- Three more ill people have been reported from Connecticut, Missouri, and New York. The most recent illness was diagnosed on January 3,2016.

- According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, there are seven people in five Canadian provinces infected with the same outbreak strain of Listeria.

(a) first of all, complete the epidemiology triangle for this exposure can it be listeria? explain.

(b) Second, develop a specific case definition for this exposure and then clearly state how you would define a Confirmed case, Probable case, Possible Case and Suspect case.

(c) Lastly, how would you gather information regarding the number and location of cases associated with this exposure?

Solution

Answer=

a) Epidemiology triangle for exposure of listeria =

Reservoirs of listeria are present in environment , human population & animal population

Transmission of this disease causing bacteria occurs by following ways

1] Foodborne = listeria has been associated with foods

such as unpasteurized milk,cheeses, icecream, vegetables,raw & smoked soces,raw & cooked poultry , all types of meats , raw & smoked fish

It initially manifests a gastrointestinal illness before spreading through bloodstream to affect brain & nervous system

2] person to person spread

3] Direct inoculation=

4] inutero or parental transmission=

can transmittted to unborn foetus through infected mothers

b] Specific case defination= In adult invasive case caused by listeria manifests more commonly as meningitis or bacteremia , infection during pregnancy may result in fetal loss through misscarrage or stillbirth