1 Use the following cladogram to answer the following questi

1. Use the following cladogram to answer the following questions. a. In the above cladogram, which node occurred earliest in time? b. In above cladogram, what represents the most recent common ancestor of the group the BCD? c. Is taxon B more closely related to taxon A or taxon D? Why? 2. Use the following cladogram for vertebrates to answer the questions below. Tetrapoda Fingers and toes Choanae Osteichthyes Bony ribs and shoulder girdle Gnathostomata Jaws ertebrata Vertebrae a. What synapomorphy is indicated for the Tetrapoda here? b. Circle the monophyletic group indicated by the name \"Choanata\'

Solution

Before we move to answer the below question , let me throw some light on cladogram, It a diagram that depicts the evolutionary relationship among different groups.

Q1 a. In the above cladogram node 1 occured earliest in the time.

b.node 2 represents the most common ancestor of the group BCD

c. taxon B is more closely related to taxon D

Q2. Synapomorphy for Tetrapoda are fingers and toes

b. lungfish, ampbhibians and land vertebrates

Q3 a. monophylectic

b.paraphylectic

c. polyphylectic

Q4 No. polyphyletic groups is often delimited in terms of clades.