Can you guys help me fill out my C exam review Overloaded op

Can you guys help me fill out my C++ exam review?

Overloaded operators:

1. basic facts (precedence, associativity,number of operands, etc.)

-Precedence of the operator cannot be changed

-associativity stays the same

-# of operands can’t be changed

-Can’t create new operators

2. operators that cannot be overloaded

member and non-member overloaded operators

3. when can an overloaded operator be a member function

4. when can an overloaded operator NOT be a member function

[Can you explain the following concept?]

function calls that are equivalent

a + b   is equivalent to   a.operator+(b) for a member function

a + b   is equivalent to   operator+(a, b) for a non-member function

Friend functions:

5. syntax to make a function a friend of a class

6. pros and cons of making a function a friend of a class

\'this\' pointer:

7. what it is

8. how it\'s used to \'connect\' the object to the function being called

9. when it is useful

Thank you so much in advance.

Solution

While working on operator overloading, you need to keep in mind the below points :
-> Only built-in operators can be overloaded. New operators can not be created.
->Arity of the operators cannot be changed.
->Precedence and associativity of the operators cannot be changed.
->Overloaded operators cannot have default arguments except the function call operator () which can have default arguments.
-> Assignment (=), subscript ([]), function call (“()”), and member selection (->) operators must be defined as member functions
->Except the operators [ = [] () ] all other operators can be either member functions or a non member functions.
-> Some operators like (assignment)=, (address)& and comma (,) are by default overloaded.

I hope this will clear your doubts regarding operator overloading.

Friend functions :

class Chegg
{
double question;
public:
double answer;
friend void printQuestio( Chegg chegg );
void setAnswer( double answer);
};

This porinter :

‘this’ pointer is a constant pointer that holds the memory address of the current object. It is an implicit object for all the non-static members of a class. It is not present in case of static member functions as the static member functions or variable don\'t need any object to access.

This pointer can be useful in two cases :
1> when you need to return the reference to the calling object(current object).
2> when your local variable name is same as member variable name. for eg.
   class Chegg
   {
   int a;
void setValue(int a)
   {
   this.a=a;
}
   }

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I would suggest you to first do hands on with the code. Feel free to reach out if you have any doubt. keep learning :)