Using technology mapping logic circuits are mapped to FPGA t

Using technology mapping, logic circuits are mapped to FPGA technology for any architecture. Determine total number of LUTs needed to implement the following functions. Assume 3 input LUTs are available. Show mapping to LUT inputs to prove your answer.

F1 = abc + bde + c’def

F2 = a’b’c’ + bde + f

Solution

Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology continues to achieve momentum, and therefore the worldwide FPGA market is predicted to grow to $3.5 billion USD by 20131. Since their invention by Xilinx in 1984, FPGAs have gone from being straightforward glue logic chips to really substitution custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and processors for signal process and management applications. Why has this technology beenthus successful? this text provides associate introduction to FPGAs and highlights a number of the advantagesthat create FPGAs distinctive.
Table of Contents
What Is associate FPGA?
Top five edges of FPGA Technology
Summary
Next Steps
1. what\'s associate FPGA?
At the very best level, FPGAs square measure reprogrammable Si chips. mistreatment prebuilt logic blocks and programmable routing resources, you\'ll assemble these chips to implement custom hardware practicality while notever having to choose up a bread board or hand tool. You develop digital computing tasks in software system and compile them all the way down to a configuration file or bitstream that contains data on however the elementsought to be wired along. additionally, FPGAs square measure utterly reconfigurable and instantly battle adifferent “personality” after you recompile a unique configuration of electronic equipment. within the past, FPGA technology can be used solely by engineers with a deep understanding of digital hardware style. the increase of high-level style tools, however, is dynamic the principles of FPGA programming, with new technologies that convert graphical block diagrams or perhaps C code into digital hardware electronic equipment.

FPGA chip adoption across all industries is driven by the very fact that FPGAs mix the most effective componentsof ASICs and processor-based systems. FPGAs give hardware-timed speed and responsibility, however they are doing not need high volumes to justify the big direct expense of custom ASIC style. Reprogrammable Siadditionally has a similar flexibility of software system running on a processor-based system, however it\'s notrestricted by the quantity of process cores on the market. not like processors, FPGAs square measure reallyparallel in nature, thus completely different process operations don\'t got to contend for a similar resources.every freelance process task is allotted to a fervent section of the chip, and might operate autonomously with none influence from alternative logic blocks. As a result, the performance of 1 a part of the applying isn\'t affectedafter you add additional process.
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2. prime five edges of FPGA Technology
Performance
Time to promote
Cost
Reliability
Long-Term Maintenance


Performance—Taking advantage of hardware correspondence, FPGAs exceed the computing power of digital signal processors (DSPs) by breaking the paradigm of sequent execution and accomplishing additional per clock cycle. BDTI, a noted analyst and benchmarking firm, free benchmarks showing however FPGAs will deliver repeatedly theprocess power per greenback of a DSP answer in some applications.2 dominant inputs and outputs (I/O) at the hardware level provides quicker response times and specialised practicality to closely match applicationnecessities.
Time to market—FPGA technology offers flexibility and speedy prototyping capabilities within the face of augmentedtime-to-market issues. you\'ll take a look at a {concept|a plan|an inspiration} or concept and verify it in hardwarewhile not inquiring the long fabrication method of custom ASIC style.3 you\'ll then implement progressive changesassociated tell on an FPGA style inside hours rather than weeks. business off-the-peg (COTS) hardware is additionally on the market with differing kinds of I/O already connected to a user-programmable FPGA chip. The growing handiness of high-level software system tools decreases the training curve with layers of abstraction and sometimes offers valuable {ip|information science|informatics|information process|IP|science|scientific discipline} cores (prebuilt functions) for advanced management and signal processing.
Cost—The nonrecurring engineering (NRE) expense of custom ASIC style so much exceeds that of FPGA-based hardware solutions. the big initial investment in ASICs is simple to justify for OEMs shipping thousands of chips per annum, however several finish users would like custom hardware practicality for the tens to many systems in development. The terribly nature of programmable Si suggests that you have got no fabrication prices or long lead times for assembly. as a result of system necessities usually modification over time, the value of constructing progressive changes to FPGA styles is negligible compared to the big expense of respinningassociate ASIC.
Reliability—While software system tools give the programming surroundings, FPGA electronic equipment is really a “hard” implementation of program execution. Processor-based systems usually involve many layers of abstraction to assist schedule tasks and share resources among multiple processes. the motive force layer controls hardware resources and therefore the OS manages memory and processor information measure. For any given processor core, only 1 instruction will execute at a time, and processor-based systems square measure regularly in danger of time-critical tasks preempting each other. FPGAs, that don\'t use OSs, minimize responsibility issueswith true parallel execution and settled hardware dedicated to each task.
Long-term maintenance—As mentioned earlier, FPGA chips square measure field-upgradable and don\'t need the time and expense involved ASIC design. data communication protocols, as an example, have specifications that may modification over time, and ASIC-based interfaces could cause maintenance and forward-compatibility challenges. Being reconfigurable, FPGA chips will carry on with future modifications that may be necessary. As a product or system matures, you\'ll create useful enhancements while not defrayal time redesigning hardware or modifying the board layout.
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3. Summary
The adoption of FPGA technology continues to extend as higher-level tools evolve to deliver the advantages of reprogrammable Si to engineers and scientists the least bit levels of experience. For additional data on howeverFPGAs square measure utilized in a spread of industries and applications, see consequent Steps section below.

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4. Next Steps
Browse client solutions mistreatment FPGA technology.
Learn about FPGA style with atomic number 28 LabVIEW system style software system.
Explore the various atomic number 28 FPGA hardware merchandise.



1 The Linley cluster, A Guide to FPGAs for Communications, initial Edition (July 2009).

2 FPGAs for DSP (BDTI trade Report), 2nd ed. (Berkeley style Technology INC., 2006).

3 M. Thompson, \"FPGAs Accelerate Time to promote for Industrial styles,\" engineering Times (July a pair of,2004). http://www.us.design-reuse.com/articles/8190/fpgas-accelerate-time-to-market-for-industrial-designs.html.