IP TCP and UDP all discard a packet that arrives with a chec

IP, TCP, and UDP all discard a packet that arrives with a checksum error and do not attempt to notify the source. Why?

In the case of IP and UDP, these are unreliable protocols that do not guarantee delivery, so they do not notify the source.

TCP does guarantee delivery. However, the technique that is used is a timeout. If the source does not receive an acknowledgment to data within a given period of time, the source retransmits