Define coenzymes and describe their primary functions Give t

Define coenzymes and describe their primary functions. Give two example of hot the B-vitamins act as coenzymes during energy metabolism.

Solution

Co-enzyme is a substance that enhances the action of an enzyme. Co-enzymes are small molecules . They cannot by themselves catalyze a reaction but they can help enzymes to do so. Co-enzymes are basically organic non-protein molecules that bind with the protein molecule (apoenzyme) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme).

Functions of coenzyme are as follows:

Members of vitamin B complex acts as coenzyme that assist every cell in the human body. They help body metabolize carbohydrates, proteins and fats and build DNA for new cells. Vitamins works as coenzyme or precursor to coenzymes.

Functions of Vitamin B complex: Thiamin is part of coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate, which plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy and acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of branch-chain amino acids. Thiamin also plays role in the synthesis and regulation of neurotransmitters, chemical agents that help nerve cells communicate.

Riboflavin is a part of two coenzymes (Flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide). The two coenzymes participate in the oxidation-reduction reactions during energy production during metabolic pathways.