Homework SoursePlease write out the step by step process so that I can tran
Please write out the step by step process so that I can transfer it over. It needs to be manually calculated for full credit.
The accompanying table summarizes successes and failures when subjects used different methods in trying to stop smoking. The determination of smoking or not smoking was made five months after the treatment was begun.
a) Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that success is independent of the method used.
b) If someone wants to stop smoking, does the choice of the method make a difference?
| Nicotine Gum | Nicotine Patch | Nicotine Inhaler | |
| Smoking | 191 | 263 | 95 |
| Non Smoking | 59 | 57 | 27 |
Solution
The accompanying table summarizes successes and failures when subjects used different methods in trying to stop smoking. The determination of smoking or not smoking was made five months after the treatment was begun.
Null hypothesis: success is independent of the method used
Alternate hypothesis: success is not independent of the method used
Chi-Square Test
Observed Frequencies
Column variable
Nicotine Gum
Nicotine Patch
Nicotine Inhaler
Total
Smoking
191
263
95
549
Non Smoking
59
57
27
143
Total
250
320
122
692
Expected Frequencies
Column variable
Nicotine Gum
Nicotine Patch
Nicotine Inhaler
Total
Smoking
250*549/692=198.34
320*549/692=253.87
122*549/692=96.79
549
Non Smoking
250*143/692=51.66
320*143/692=66.13
122*143/692=25.21
143
Total
250
320
122
692
Calculations
fo-fe
-7.3382
9.1272
-1.7890
7.3382
-9.1272
1.7890
(fo-fe)^2/fe
0.2715
0.3281
0.0331
1.0423
1.2598
0.1270
Chi-Square Test Statistic
3.0618
Level of Significance
0.05
Number of Rows
2
Number of Columns
3
Degrees of Freedom
2
Critical Value
5.991
Calculated chi square = 3.0618 < 5.991 the table value
The null hypothesis is not rejected.
We conclude that success is independent of the method used
b) If someone wants to stop smoking, does the choice of the method make a difference?
No, If someone wants to stop smoking, the choice of the method does not make a difference.
| Chi-Square Test | ||||
| Observed Frequencies | ||||
| Column variable | ||||
| Nicotine Gum | Nicotine Patch | Nicotine Inhaler | Total | |
| Smoking | 191 | 263 | 95 | 549 |
| Non Smoking | 59 | 57 | 27 | 143 |
| Total | 250 | 320 | 122 | 692 |
| Expected Frequencies | ||||
| Column variable | ||||
| Nicotine Gum | Nicotine Patch | Nicotine Inhaler | Total | |
| Smoking | 250*549/692=198.34 | 320*549/692=253.87 | 122*549/692=96.79 | 549 |
| Non Smoking | 250*143/692=51.66 | 320*143/692=66.13 | 122*143/692=25.21 | 143 |
| Total | 250 | 320 | 122 | 692 |
