Using carbon as an example describe the structure of the ato

Using carbon as an example, describe the structure of the atom. Include a statement about what makes carbon such a versatile atom. Define chemical bond and explain how and why atoms form ionic bonds. How and why do they form covalent bonds? What is a hydrogen bond and why do water molecules participate in hydrogen bonds? Describe two of water\'s extraordinary properties that can be attributed to hydrogen bonds. Summarize the functions of the four classes of biological macromolecules in our bodies. Before a large race or endurance sports event, may athletes \"carbo-load.\" What is carbo-loading and how does it work? What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Which ones are healthier and why? Discuss the structure of proteins. Why is it essential that the chemistry of their surrounding environment remain constant? What is an enzyme and how do they work?

Solution

Solution:

1)Carbon is an atom which have atomic no. 6.It have 4 electron in its outermost shell.An atom have four shells and these are numbered as 1,2,3 and 4.Outermost shell electron is known as valence electron.Shells also divided into four subshells known as s,p,d and f. s holds 2 electrons, p holds 6 electrons, d holds 10 electrons, and f can hold 14 electrons.Electronic configuration of carbon is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2.Two electron in 1s subshell,2 electron in 2s subshell and 2 electron in 2p subshell.Carbon is a versatile atom.It is due to its tetravalent nature.Carbon share its four valence electron to attain complete octet form.

2)Chemical bonds is a bond between atoms of two elements which combine to form a compound.Two important types of chemical bonds are ionic bond and covalent bond.

In ionic bond,one or more than one electron from an atom attached to the other atom.Due to this,there is a negative and positive charge on both atom,due to this both atom are attracted to each other and form a compound.

In covalent bond,electrons are shared by both atoms without complete transfer.Bond between these atoms is covalent bond.

3)Hydrogen bonding is a covalent bond between hydrogen atom and electronegative atom(N,F,O).Water molecule is madeup of two hydrogen atoms attached to an oxygen atom.Water is a polar molecule and it have partial positive and negative charge on hydrogen and oxygen atoms.So,it is attracted to other polar molecule and other ions.