Describe the options available to treat infertility includin

Describe the options available to treat infertility including medication, artificial insemination, in vetro fertilization, gamete, embryo, or zygote transfer, and surrogate pregnancy. Give a brief description of how each one works. List and describe the possible complications of assisted fertility.

Solution

There are different methods which can be used for treatment of infertility such as:

Medications: Medications are used to overcome the issues such as ovulation, blockage and damage in fallopian tubes, and for endometriosis. The physicians advised patients to take clomiphene for stimuation of ovaries for releasing eggs , metformin for treatment of PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome), hormonal injections when body is unable to produce enough hormones.

Artificial Insemination:: Artifical insemination is a process used for inserting the sperm directly into cervix, fallopian tubes, or uterus (Intrauterine insemination) by medical procedures. This process is used to overcome several factors such as low sperm count in males or endometriosis in females. Ovulation kits. ultrasound and other tests are use to ensure the correct time of ovulation. Then, the doctor insert semen into the woman\'s body.The main drwaback of this technique is that it is not 100% sucessful everytime.

In vitro fertilization: This process is an artifical reproduction procedure in which an egg and sperm are fertilized in laboratory dish, and then the embryo is tranferred to the uterus.The initial step of this process includes stimulation of ovaries which is done by giving medicines to the woman by giving fertility drugs. Also, to check the process, regular transvaginal ultrasounds and blood tests are done to check hormones level. Then, the eggs are tanferred from woman\'s body by a surgery known as follicular aspiration. Insemination and fertilization of the eggs are then done in the laboratory. After fertilization, the zygote is tranferred to the mother\'s womb.

Gametes: Gametes can be define as the germ cells (sex cells) which are used in sexual reproduction.

Embryo Tranfer: This process takes place after the egg and sperms got fertilized in lab. The embryos are placed into the womb three to five days after the process of egg retrieval and fertilization. A thin tube which contains the embryos is inserted into the woman\'s vagina, through the cervix. If the zygote is sucessful to stick in the lining of womb then pregnancy initiates. .

Surrogate Pregnancy: There are two ways of doing it- Traditional and IVF. In tarditional surrogacy, the father has to naturally tranfer his sperms into the womb. In case of using IVF, the fertilized embryo is transferred to the womb of surrogate mother.

Drawbacks of assisted fertility: