Write a sentence explaining the relationship between the dis

Write a sentence explaining the relationship between the distance between the observed sample statistic and the value of the parameter specified under the null hypothesis to the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis.

Solution

Bias = distance between parameter and expected value of sample statistics

Fisher saw P value as an index measuring the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis (in an example, the hypothesis that there is no association between poverty level and malnutrition or the new therapy does not improve nutritional status). To quantify the strength of evidence against null hypothesis “he advocated P < 0.05 (5% significance) as a standard level for concluding that there is evidence against the hypothesis tested, though not as an absolute rule.

When we are conducting a test of significance for a single proportion we assume the null

hypothesis is true (or that the long-run probability equals some number) and then determine how unlikely it would be to get a sample proportion that is as far away (or farther) from the probability assumed in the null hypothesis. The p-value and standardized scores are measures of how unlikely this is. Small p-values and large standardized scores (in absolute value) give us strong evidence against the null.