how does Evolutionary biology explain the normal functions a

how does Evolutionary biology explain the normal functions and malfunctions of human genes. please elaborate

Solution

1. Evolutionary biology provides new insights in genes and it revolves around kinds of genes involved, number of genes, effects of genes, functions of genes and mutations of genes which results into diseases etc.

2. Genes store information that can be passed from one generation to another. Evolutionary biology studies the functions of gene so that in can explain the adaptation of human from its ancestors.

3. Genetic malfunctions can play a significant role in the disease. It can be major cause of disease (single gene disease) or can be one of the reason of disease (multifactorial disease for example, cancer). Genetic mutations are reason for genetic malfunction, but not every mutation results into disease. Neutral mutations or silent mutations might not have significant impact on gene function but other mutations also can lead to the malfunction of the gene resulting into the disease.

4. Study of malfunction of gene is important in order to develop suitable line of treatment. Genetic test can also be designed which can detect disease. For example, if genetic test resulted in existence of BRCA1 and BRCA2, there are chances of breast cancer. Diseases can also be treated with gene therapy which requires deep understanding of genes so that genes can be manipulated or replaced.